Digestive System Lessons 5-6 Flashcards
(38 cards)
what is salivary amylase
the first enzymes that one encounters in the digestive system
what is the function of salivary amylase
it catalyzes carbohydrate digestion (ex. starch to smaller simple sugar forms–maltose)
where is salivary amylase found and which pH does it function at
it is found within saliva and functions at a neutral pH
how would salivary amylase break down large macromolecules down
use hydrolysis
which enzyme is responsible for beginning protein digestion
pepsin
in which pH does pepsin work in
a low pH(of around 2)
what is the function of pepsin
they break down proteins into smaller peptides
where are pancreatic enzymes located and what is the pH in which it works in
they are found within pancreatic juice and it functions in a slightly basic pH
what are the most important pancreatic enzymes
pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase
what is the function of pancreatic amylase
it breaks down carbohydrates
what is the function of trypsin
it breaks down proteins
what is the function of lipase
it breaks down fat molecules that have been emulsified by bile salts
what are peptidases and carbohydrases
enzymes used to complete the digestion of protein and carbohydrates(for peptidase, it is any enzyme that breaks down a peptide into amino acids)
what is the function of peptidases
they break down peptide chains into amino acids for absorption
what is the function of carbohydrases
breaks down carbohydrates
what is peptic ulcer disease(PUD)
stomach burns in an unprotected area
what is the area that is affected by PUD
a break within the inner lining of the stomach
what is the cause of PUD
there is a presence of the bacteria Helicobacter Pylori, which creates secretions which erode the stomach lining
what is constipation and diarrhea
feces are large and viscious(constipation), feces are loose and watery(diarrhea)
what is the cause of constipation and diarrhea
poor-fibre diet and/or lack of water(constipation), infection, poor absorption, result of drugs/medication(diarrhea)
what is gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)
contents of stomach rises up into the esophagus because the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close
causes of GERD
obesity, hernias, genetic conditions, medication in the esophagus
where does GERD affect
the esophagus
what are gall stones(cholelithiasis)
an accumulation of precipitated bile compounds that lead to stone-like substances
