Digestive System Lessons 4

Question 1

what is the pathway in which food enters, is broken down, absorbed, and leaves the body called

Answer 1

the gastro-intestinal tract (G.I. tract)

Question 2

what are the other organs that are considered part of the digestive system generally called

Answer 2

accessory organs

Question 3

what are the three main accessory organs

Answer 3

the pancreas, the liver, and the gall bladder

Question 4

what is the pancreas and what is its function

Answer 4

an elongated and flat organ that performs both exocrine and endocrine functions

Question 5

define exocrine function

Answer 5

secretion into a ductal system

Question 6

define endocrine function

Answer 6

secretion directly in the bloodstream

Question 7

what are some exocrine functions in the pancreas

Answer 7

production of pancreatic juice to neutralize stomach acid, production of digestive enzymes for food

Question 8

what are some endocrine functions in the pancreas

Answer 8

production of insulin, production of glucagon, production of somatostatin

Question 9

what is the function of insulin

Answer 9

to promote the absorption of glucose from the blood into liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells

Question 10

what is the function of glucagon

Answer 10

raises the glucose and fatty acid levels in the blood stream

Question 11

what is the function of somatostatin

Answer 11

inhibits the production of insulin and glucagon

Question 12

what are the kinds of endocrine cells in the pancreas(pancreatic islets)

Answer 12

alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells

Question 13

what is the function of alpha cells

Answer 13

produces glucagon

Question 14

what is the function of beta cells

Answer 14

produces insulin

Question 15

what is the function of delta cells

Answer 15

produces somatostatin

Question 16

when is insulin secreted

Answer 16

when blood glucose levels are high

Question 17

when is glucagon secreted

Answer 17

when blood glucose levels are low

Question 18

what is glucagon

Answer 18

a hormone responsible for raising the glucose and fatty acid levels in the blood stream

Question 19

what is insulin

Answer 19

a hormone responsible for promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood into liver, fat, and skeletal muscle cells

Question 20

what are the main roles of the liver

Answer 20

detoxifying harmful metabolites and synthesizing proteins and various biochemicals for growth and homeostasis

Question 21

what is the liver composed of

Answer 21

two main lobes and around 100,000 lobules

Question 22

what are lobules

Answer 22

tiny lobes

Question 23

between the lobules on the liver, what the are three structures present

Answer 23

the bile duct, the branch of hepatic artery, and the branch of hepatic portal vein

Question 24

what does the liver produce

Answer 24

bile

Question 25

what is bile

Answer 25

a fluid that contains bile salts derived from cholesterol that are capable of breaking down large immiscible amounts of fat molecules into smaller, immiscible amounts

Question 26

what is bile used for

Answer 26

to emulsify fat in the small intestine

Question 27

what is the gall bladder

Answer 27

a small, muscular sac attached to the surface of the liver

Question 28

what is the role of the gall bladder

Answer 28

to store an excess of bile that is produced from the liver