Digestive system of ruminants and non ruminants

Question 1

the ___________ digestive system uniquely qualifies ________ animals such as cattles to efficiently use high roughage feedstuffs including forages

Answer 1

ruminant

Question 2

anatomy of ruminant digestive system

Answer 2

mouth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, 4 compartment stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine

Question 3

producing saliva for buffering rumen pH

Answer 3

salivary glands

Question 4

four compartment stomach:

Answer 4

• rumen
• reticulum
• omasum
• abomasum

Question 5

small intestine:

Answer 5

• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

Question 6

large intestines:

Answer 6

• cecum
• colon
• rectum

Question 7

a ruminant uses its mouth and tongue to harvest forages during __________ or to consume harvested feedstuffs

Answer 7

grazing

Question 8

wrapping their tongues around the plants then pulling to tear the forage for consumption

Answer 8

grazing

Question 9

cattle take from _______ to more than _______ prehensile bites to harvest forage while grazing each days

Answer 9

25,000 to 40,000

Question 10

other term for ruminating

Answer 10

cud chewing

Question 11

aids in chewing and swallowing, contains enzymes for breakdown of fat and starch and is involved in nitrogen recycling in to the rumen

Answer 11

saliva

Question 12

aids in chewing and swallowing, contains enzymes for breakdown of fat and starch and is involved in nitrogen recycling in to the rumen

Answer 12

saliva

Question 13

saliva’s most important function

Answer 13

buffer pH levels in the reticulum and rumen

Question 14

mature cows produces up to ____ quarts a saliva per day

Answer 14

50

Question 15

true ruminants such as

Answer 15

cattle, sheep, goats, deers and antelopes

Question 16

ruminant stomach occupies almost ___% of the abdominal cavity filling nearly of the left side and extending significantly into the right side

Answer 16

75

Question 17

rumen and reticulum comprise ___% of the volume of the total stomach

Answer 17

84

Question 18

omasum comprise ___% of the volume of the total stomach

Answer 18

12

Question 19

abomasum comprise ___% of the volume of the total stomach

Answer 19

4

Question 20

largest stomach compartment holding up to 40 gallons in a mature cow

Answer 20

rumen

Question 21

is called the honeycomb because of the honeycomb appearance of its lining

Answer 21

reticulum

Question 22

sit underneath and toward the front of the rumen, lying against the diaphragm.

Answer 22

reticulum

Question 23

main function is to collect smaller digesta particles and move them into the omasum while the larger particles remain in the rumen for further digestion

Answer 23

reticulum

Question 24

hardware stomach where it also traps and collects heavy/dense objects animals consumes

Answer 24

reticulum

Question 25

during normal digestive tract contractions, this object can penetrate the reticulum wall and make its way to the heart where it can lead to ______

Answer 25

hardware disease

Question 26

sometimes called the paunch. it is lined with papillae for nutrient absorption and divided by muscular pillars into the dorsal, ventral, caudodorsal, and caudoventral sacs

Answer 26

rumen

Question 27

act as a fermentation vat by hosting microbial fermentation

Answer 27

rumen

Question 28

about ___ to ___ % of starch and soluble sugar consumed is digested in the rumen

Answer 28

50 to 65

Question 29

rumen pH

Answer 29

6.5 to 6.8

Question 30

rumen environment is

Answer 30

anaerobic

Question 31

produce cellulase which acts on a cellulose and cellobiose

Answer 31

cellulolytic bacteria

Question 32

organisms capable of hydrolyzing cellulose are usually able to utilize hemicellulose

Answer 32

hemicellulose fermenting bacteria

Question 33

ingest sugars and store these as amylopectin, then realising this readily fermentable carbohydrate back into the rumen fluid later

Answer 33

rumen protozoa

Question 34

rumen microbes:

Answer 34

• cellulolytic bacteria • hemicellulose fermenting bacteria • amylolytic (starch fermenting) bacteria • sugar fermenters • rumen protozoa

Question 35

temp inside rumen

Answer 35

39-40C

Question 36

spherical and connected to the reticulum by a short tunnel

Answer 36

omasum

Question 37

other term for omasum in reference to the many folds or leaves that resembles pages of a book

Answer 37

“butcher’s bible” “many piles”

Question 38

water absorption occurs in

Answer 38

omasum

Question 39

is the true stomach of a ruminant

Answer 39

abomasum

Question 40

a compartment that is most similar to a stomach in a nonruminant

Answer 40

abomination

Question 41

produces hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, such as pepsin and receives digestive enzymes secreted from pancreas such as pancreatic lipase

Answer 41

abomasum

Question 42

enzymes that breaks down proteins

Answer 42

pepsin

Question 43

enzymes that break down fats

Answer 43

pancreatic lipase

Question 44

abomasum pH

Answer 44

3.5 to 4.0

Question 45

a tube up to 150 feet long with a 20 gallon capacity in a mature cow

Answer 45

small intestine

Question 46

digesta entering the small intestine mix with secretions from the pancreas and liver, which elevate the ph from 2.5 to

Answer 46

7 and 8

Question 47

bile from gall bladder is secreted into the first section of small intestine to aid in digestion which is the

Answer 47

duodenum

Question 48

active nutrient absorption occurs throughout the ________ including rumen bypass protein absorption

Answer 48

small intestine

Question 49

intestinal wall contains numerous “finger-like” projections called _____ that increases intestinal surface area to aid in absorption

Answer 49

villi

Question 50

absorbs water from material passing through it and then excretes the remaining feces from the rectum

Answer 50

large intestine

Question 51

a large blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine approximately 3ft long with a 2 gallon capacity in the mature cow

Answer 51

cecum

Question 52

site of most of the water absorption in the large intestine

Answer 52

colon

Question 53

immature ruminants such as a young growing calves from birth to about 2 to 3 months of age are functionally ________

Answer 53

non ruminants

Question 54

the _______________ in these young animal is formed by a muscular folds of the reticulum. it shunts milk directly to the omasum and then abomasum, bypassing the reticulorumen.

Answer 54

reticular groove/ esophageal groove

Question 55

the term “_________” refers to the structure of stomach

Answer 55

momogastric

Question 56

a stomach that has a simple structure consisting of a single compartment

Answer 56

monogastric digestive system

Question 57

species that have monogastric digestive system:

Answer 57

swine, horse, dogs, rabbits, fowl

Question 58

other term of monogastric digestive system

Answer 58

alimentary canal

Question 59

digestion begins where

Answer 59

mouth

Question 60

what animal does not have gall bladder

Answer 60

horse

Question 61

what do you call the esophagus of a chicken

Answer 61

gullet

Question 62

digestive system of a chicken

Answer 62

beak > gullet > crop > glandular stomach or proventriculus > gizzard or ventriculus > 2 ceca > large intestine > cloaca > vent