Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Patho 2 > Digestive System part 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Digestive System part 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Two major functions of the digestive system

A

-Digestion
-Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Digestion

A

-Breakdown of ingested food
-Absorption of nutrients into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Metabolism

A

-Production of cellular energy (ATP)
-Anabolic (build) and Catabolic (break down) pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two main groups of organs

A

-Alimentary/GI
-Accessory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alimentary canal

A

-Continuous coiled hollow tube from mouth to anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alimentary tract organs

A

-Mouth
-Pharynx
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Rectum
-Anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Accessory organs

A

-Salivary glands
-Liver
-Gallbladder
-Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Processes of the mouth

A

-Mastication of food
-Mixing masticated food with saliva
-Initiation of swallowing by the tongue
-Allowing for the sense of taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The three regions of the pharynx (superior to inferior)

A

-Nasopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nasopharynx

A

-Air
-Not part of GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oropharynx

A

Posterior to oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

-Where we swallow food
-Below the oropharynx and connected to the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pharynx function

A

-Serves as a passageway for air and food
-Food movement is by alternating contractions of the muscle layers → peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is anterior - the esophagus or trachea?

A

-Trachea
-Air in the front food in the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Esophagus

A

-Runs from pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm
-Conducts food by peristalsis
-Passageway for food only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four layers (tissues) of the alimentary canal organs from innermost to outermost layer?

A

-Mucosa (helps food slide + traps germs)
-Submucosa
-Muscle layers
-Serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name of the sphincter between the esophagus and the beginning of the stomach?

A

-Cardioesophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stomach anatomy

A

-Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity
-Food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Regions of the stomach

A

-Cardiac region
-Fundus - chemical breakdown
-Body - chemical breakdown
-Pylorus - funnel shaped terminal end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Food empties into the small intestine at the

A

Pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rugae

A

Internal fold of the mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stomach functions
Anal sex can’t deliver

A

-Acts as a storage tank for food
-Site of breakdown
-Chemical breakdown of protein begins
-Delivers chyme (processed food) to the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the specialized cells and tissues of the stomach? All simple columnar epithelium

A

-Mucous neck cells
-Gastric glands
-Chief cells
-Parietal cells
-Endocrine cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mucous neck cells

A

Produce a sticky alkaline mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Gastric glands
Secrete gastric juice
26
Chief cells
Produce protein digesting enzymes (pepsinogens)
27
Parietal cells
Produce hydrochloric acid
28
Endocrine cells
Produce gastrin
29
What is the main job of the small intestine?
-Major digestive organ -Site of nutrient absorption into the blood -Muscular tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve -Suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery
30
Sections of the small intestine
-Duodenum -Jejunum -Ileum
31
What substance enters the small intestine from the gall bladder?
Bile
32
Chemical digestion in the small intestine
-Source of enzymes that are mixed with chyme -intestinal cells -pancreas
33
Villi of the small intestine
-Fingerlike structures formed by the mucosa -Absorption -Gives the small intestine more surface area
34
Microvilli of the small intestine
-Small projections of the plasma membrane -Found on absorptive cells
35
What are lacteals?
Specialized lymphatic capillaries
36
Sections of the large intestine
-Ascending -Transverse -Descending -Sigmoidal
37
Functions of the large intestine
-Absorption of water -Eliminates indigestible food from the body as feces -Does not participate in digestion of food -Goblet cells produce mucus to act as a lubricant
38
Cecum
Saclike first part of the large intestine
39
Appendix
-Accumulation of lymphatic tissue that sometimes becomes inflamed -Hangs from the cecum
40
Salivary gland
-Parotid glands: located anterior to ear -Submandibular glands -Sublingual glands
41
Saliva
-Mixture of mucus and serous fluids -Helps to form a food bolus -Contains salivary amylase to begin starch digestion -Dissolves chemicals so they can be tasted
42
Pancreas
-Produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that break down all categories of food -Enzymes are secreted into the duodenum
43
Endocrine products of pancreas
-Insulin -Glucagons
44
The duct that connects the liver to the gall bladder
Common hepatic duct
45
Liver
-Largest gland in the body -Located on the right side of the body under the diaphragm -Consists of four lobes suspended from the diaphragm and abdominal wall
46
What is stored in the gall bladder and what is its function?
-Bile -Produced by cells in the liver
47
Composition of bile
-Bile salts -Bile pigment -Cholesterol -Phospholipids -Electrolytes
48
Gall bladder
-Sac found in hollow fossa of liver -Stores bile from the liver by way of the cystic duct -Bile is introduced into the duodenum in the presence of fatty foods -Gallstones can cause blockage
49
Processes of the digestive system
-Ingestion -Propulsion -Peristalsis -Segmentation
50
Ingestion
Getting food into the mouth
51
Propulsion
Moving foods from one region of the digestive system to another
52
Peristalsis
Alternating waves of contraction
53
Segmentation
Moving materials back and forth to aid in mixing
54
Mechanical digestion
-Mixing of food in the mouth by the tongue -Churning of food in the stomach -Segmentation in the small intestine
55
Chemical digestion
-Enzymes break down food molecules into their building blocks -Each major food group uses different enzymes
56
Carbohydrates are broken to
Simple sugars
57
Proteins are broken to
Amino acids
58
Fats are broken to
Fatty acids and alcohols
59
Factors that control digestion
-Controlled by reflexes via the parasympathetic division -Chemical and mechanical receptors are located in organ walls that trigger reflexes
60
Stimuli
-Stretch of the organ -pH of the contents -Presence of breakdown products
61
Reflexes
-Activation or inhibition of glandular secretions -Smooth muscle activity
62
Digestive activities of the mouth
-Mechanical: food is physically broken down by chewing -Chemical: food is mixed with saliva, breaking of starch into maltose by salivary amylase
63
Deglutition (swallowing) Buccal phase
-Voluntary -Occurs in mouth -Food is formed into a bolus -The bolus is forced into the pharynx by the tongue
64
What two substances are absorbed in the stomach?
-Alcohol -Aspirin
65
Protein digesting enzymes
-Pepsin: an active protein digesting enzyme -Renin: works on digesting milk protein

Patho 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions