Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Kin 1AA3 > Digestive System part 1 > Flashcards

Digestive System part 1 Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

groups of organs that make up GI system

A

GI tract/gut tube

accessory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

GI tract/gut tube

A

extends from mouth to anus and is 5-7m long folded up
includes:
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

accessory organs

A

most aid in chemical breakdown of food and support GI system
includes:
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

processes involved in digestion

A

ingestion
secretion: release of water, acid, buffers, enzymes
mixing/propulsion
digestion: mechanical and chemical
absorption: products from GI sys into blood and lymph
defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

layers of GI tract (deep to superficial)

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscualris
serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mucosa

A

innermost layer, lines lumen
epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

histology of mucosa

epithelial layer

A
  • stratified squamous: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anus
  • simple columnar: stomach and intestines, goblet cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

secrete hormones controlling organ function into blood supply from one end of the tube to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

histology of mucosa

lamina propria

A
  • thin layer of loose areolar CT

- contains blood vessels (capillaries) and lymphatic tissue (MALT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

histology of mucosa

muscularis mucosae

A
  • thin layer of smooth muscle
  • causes folds to form in mucosal layer to increase SA
  • movements ensure that all absorptive cells are fully exposed to GI system contents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

A

provides immune function if you eat something bad

- acts as a first line of defence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

submucosa

A

consists of loose aerolar CT that contains blood vessels, glands and lymphatic tissue
- also contains submucosal plexus (enteric nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

submucosal plexus

A

enteric nervous system

- motor portion stimulates mucosal secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

muscularis

A

mostly smooth muscle, some skeletal muscle
contains myenteric plexus
- skeletal: in mouth, pharynx, upper/middle esophagus, external anal sphincter
- smooth: throughout the rest of the GI tract; inner circular and outer longitudinal fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

myenteric plexus

A

controls motility, stimulates muscle layers to contract

- located between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

serosa

A

outermost layer

  • serous membrane (visceral peritoneum) reates pathway for blood vessels and nerves
  • consistes of aerolar CT covered with simple squamous epithelium
  • covers entire GI tract except esophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane in the abdominal cavity

  • visceral lauer covers organs, parietal layer lines walls of body cavity
  • peritoneal cavity is the space containing serous fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

peritoneal folds

A

connections b/w organs or wall and an organ that hold things in place
- contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves that supply abdominal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

major peritoneal folds

A 
greater omentum
lesser omentum
falciform ligament
mesentery
mesocolon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

retroperitoneal

A

some rogans are behind the peritoneum and only have serous membrane on one side
include: kidneys, ascending/descending colon and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

greater omentum

A

runs from stomach in front of abdominal cavity and folds and attaches to transverse colon (4 layers of serous membrane here are known as the fatty apron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

falciform ligament

A

runs from liver to anterior wall of abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

lesser omentum

Study These Flashcards
A

runs from stomach/duodenum to liver

- carries hepatic portal vein

24
Q

mesentery

Study These Flashcards
A

runs from small intestine to posterior wall of abdominal cavity

25
mesocolon
runs from transverse/sigmoid colon to posterior wall of abdominal cavity
26
oral cavity proper
area b/w teeth and fauces
27
hard palate
bone | forms most of the roof of the mouth
28
soft palate
muscular and forms the rest (posterior) of the roof of the mouth
29
uvula
prevents swallowed food from entering the nasal cavity
30
cheek
stratified squamous epithelium protects abrasion - forms lateral wall of oral cavity - contains buccinator muscle that help old food and produce speech
31
oral vestibule
the space b/w cheeks, lips, gums and teeth
32
superior and inferior lips are called
superior and inferior labia
33
gingivae
gums | cover sockets of teeth (alveolar processes) and helps anchor teeth
34
superior labial frenulum | inferior labial frenulum
attaches superior lip to gum | attaches inferior lip to gum
35
lingual frenulum
- limits movement of tongue posteriorly and stops us from swallowing our tongue - helps with speech production - tongue tied: when your lingual frenulum is too short or too long and people can't properly enunciate their words and interferes with nursing in babies
36
tongue
forms floor of the mouth, manipulates food for chewing and swallowing, shapes food and senses taste
37
teeth (starting and ending numbers)
start with 20 baby teeth | end with 32 adult teeth
38
what types of teeth do we have and how many
incisors: front 4, chisel shaped, cut food canines: points from cusps (have a single cusp that tears food) premolars: 2/side, 2 cusps crush and grind food molars: 3/side, 4 cusps grind food
39
enamel
made of 95% calcium salts (strongest part of your body) and protects teeth from wear and treat - makes teeth look white
40
dentin
calcified CT makes up majority of tooth - calcified by hydroxyapatite (70% where would be 50% in bone) - is more yellow
41
pulp cavity
contains pulp of tooth | CT containing nerves and blood vessels
42
cementum
bone like substance that attaches the root to the periodontal ligaments and forms gomphosis joint
43
root canal
an extension of the pulp cavity that contains nerves and blood vessels
44
periodontal ligaments
helps anchor the tooth to the underlying bone
45
apical foramen
an opening at the base of a root canal through which blood vessels and nerves enter a tooth
46
extrinsic muscles of the tongues
hypoglossus styloglossus palatoglossus genioglossus
47
hypoglossus
- inserts on hyoid and originates on side and bottom of tongue
48
styloglossus
- runs from side of tongue to styloid process | - elevates tongue and brings back into oral cavity
49
palatoglossus
- goes from hard/soft palate region and attaches to side of the tongue and brings soft palate and the back of the tongue together when you swallow
50
genioglossus
goes from mandible and moves tongue anteriorly | - can also depress tongue
51
types of external salivary glands (pairs)
partoid submandibular sublingual
52
2 main types of salivary glands
- glands within mucous membranes in the oral cavity and are named for the region where they're located - glands located outside the mouth that produce saliva in larger amounts and deliver saliva to the oral cavity via ducts
53
partoid glands
largest, located inferior and anterior to ear | - make very watery saliva and creates salivary amylase
54
submandibular glands
beneath the base of the tongue - ducts lead to lingual phrenulum - has mucous added to saliva, makes it thicker
55
siblingual glands
located superior to submandibular at the base of the mouth | - has a bunch of tiny ducts with very little amylase in it and has more mucous in it, making saliva thicker
56
composition of saliva
- 99.5% water - 0.5% solutes such as ions (Na, Cl, K), lysozyme (an enzyme that kills bacteria in the mouth) and IgA (immunoglobulin A that binds up any microbes that get into oral cavity) - salivary amylase: a digestive enzyme that breaks starch down to di- and trisaccharides as you chew food but becomes inactivated by stomach acid
57
function of saliva
- dissolves food for tasting - mucous lubricates food - Cl- activates salivary amylase - HCO3- buffers acidic foods (binds up H+ ions to buffer pH changes like the bicarbonate system in the blood)

Kin 1AA3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions