Digestive System-Patho

Question 0

Ulcers (esophageal, gastric, duodenal AKA peptic)

Answer 0

When the protective lining of the stomach breaks down the lining is prone to ulceration. Epigastric pain, heartburn, indigestion. Breakdown of the mucosa and increased acid production cause ulcers. Iron deficiency, anemia, blood in stool. Treat with drug therapy

Question 1

Gastritis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach. it may be acute or chronic, epigastric pain, indigestion, vomitting, nausea and anorexia. Etiology: stress, medication irritating mucous lining. Treat the signs and symptoms, Take antacids, bland diet.

Question 2

Gastric Cancer

Answer 2

Often asymptomatic, Gastric cancer is a lesion confined to the mucosa and submucosa, the developed cancer is the muscularis layer. Indigestion, discomfort, vomiting, anorexia. Take an EGD and biopsy, treat with a gastrectomy

Question 3

Colorectal Cancer

Answer 3

Deveral forms of cancer that develpoed in the colon or rectum. Occurs in people 55 or older, history of polyposis, or ulcerative colitits, diet. Positive result in a guaiac test for occult blood is the only sign. Rectal exam, sigmoidoscopy, ct scan. SURGERY

Question 4

Stages of Cancer

Answer 4

Stage one: has not penetrated the mucosal layer
Stage two: into the muscle wall
Stage three: involves nearby lymph nodes

Question 5

Hemorrhoids

Answer 5

The veins in the rectal and anal area become varicosed as a result of constipation, straining, pregnancy or obesity. Do a visual inspection or a proctoscopy. H&H (hemoglobin and Hematocrit) may indicate anemia. Bright red blood in stool, protrude through anus. Take stool softners

Question 6

Ascariasis (Round worm)

Answer 6

source of infection s fecal to contamination of soil with the mouth being the portal entry. Immature eggs in stool. Stools for OP (ovum parasite) and take antihelmintics

Question 7

Enterobiasis (Pin worm)

Answer 7

Eggs from contaminated items, eggs into mouth, have itching around anus. Take an antihelmntics and do the tape test or stool for OP (ovum parasites)

Question 8

Giardiasis lamblia (Giardia)

Answer 8

Flagellated protozoa. known as travelers diarrhea, Resists chlorination and cold but not freezing. Mucous diarrhea, abd pain and wight loss. Take a antihelmintic

Question 9

E Coli (Escherichia)

Answer 9

Normal flora. Do a stool specimen for a CNS (culutral and sensitivity) Elevated wbc and take antibiotics

Question 10

Salmonella

Answer 10

diarrhea, abd pain, vomit fever, keeps eggs and meats in fridge, wash hands, use different utensils and discard cracked or dirty eggs.

Question 11

Hiatal Hernia

Answer 11

condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphrgm

Question 12

Barrett’s Esophagus

Answer 12

Pre cancer, tissue lining the esophagus is replaced by tissue that is similar tot he intestinal lining. EGD, biopsy. Ablative therapy ( burn bad tissue)

Question 13

Cholelithiasis

Answer 13

Gallstones
Female, forty, fetal, fat
do a cholecystogram

Question 14

Beriatric surgery

Answer 14

Adjustable gastric banding

Question 15

Hepatitis A

Answer 15

serious liver disease caused by the HAV virus. Found in the feces of people with hepatitis A and is spread by close personal contact. THERE IS NO TREATMENT. Get the vaccine!

Question 16

Hepatitis B

Answer 16

HBV is found in blood and certain body fluids, spread when blood or body fluid from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not immune

Question 17

Hepatitis C

Answer 17

HCV is found in blood and certain body fluids, spread when blood from infected person enters another persons body. THERE IS NO VACCINE