Digestive System Pathology

Question 1

Ascites

Answer 1

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 2

Borborygmus, pleural: borborygmi

Answer 2

Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

Question 3

Constipation

Answer 3

Difficulty in passing stools (feces)

Question 4

Diarrhea

Answer 4

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 5

Dysphagia

Answer 5

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 6

Eructation

Answer 6

Has expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Question 7

Flatus

Answer 7

Has expelled through the anus

Question 8

Hematochezia

Answer 8

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 9

Jaundice (icterus)

Answer 9

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Question 10

Melena

Answer 10

Black, Tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Question 11

Nausea

Answer 11

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

Question 12

Steatorrhea

Answer 12

Fat in the feces; foul-smelling fecal matter

Question 13

Aphthous stomatitis

Answer 13

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Question 14

Dental caries

Answer 14

Tooth decay

Question 15

Herpetic stomatitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

Question 16

Oral leukoplakia

Answer 16

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Question 17

Periodontal disease **pg162

Answer 17

Inflammation and degeneration of guns, teeth, and surrounding bone

Question 18

Achalasia

Answer 18

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (les) muscle to relax

Question 19

Esophageal cancer

Answer 19

Malignant tumor or the esophagus

Question 20

Esophageal varices

Answer 20

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 21

Gastric cancer

Answer 21

Malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 22

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 22

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Question 23

Hernia

Answer 23

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally contained within it

• direct; occurs through abdominal wall
• indirect; occurs through the inguinal canal( herniated tissue descends into the scrotal sac)

Question 24

Peptic ulcer

Answer 24

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 25

Anal fistula

Answer 25

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 26

Colonic polyps

Answer 26

Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 27

Colorectal cancer

Answer 27

Adenocarcinoma of the colon of rectum, or both

Question 28

Crohns disease

Answer 28

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 29

Diverticulosis

Answer 29

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

Question 30

Dysentery

Answer 30

Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Question 31

Hemorrhoids

Answer 31

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 32

Ileus

Answer 32

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 33

Inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 33

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine

Question 34

Intussusception

Answer 34

Telescoping of the intestines

Question 35

Irritable bowl syndrome

Answer 35

Group of GI symptoms but without abnormalities in the intestines

Question 36

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 36

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Question 37

Volvulus

Answer 37

Twisting of the intestines on itself

Question 38

Cholelithiasis

Answer 38

Gallstones in the gallbladder Calculi- prevent bile from leaving the gallbladder and bile ducts.

Question 39

Cirrhosis

Answer 39

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 40

Pancreatic cancer

Answer 40

Malignant tumor of the pancreas

Question 41

Pancreatitis

Answer 41

Inflammation of the pancreas

Question 42

Viral hepatitis

Answer 42

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Question 43

Anorexia

Answer 43

Lack of appetite