Digestive System Red Stuff

Question 1

the main regions of the digestive tract include

Answer 1

oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine

Question 2

major accessory organs include

Answer 2

salivary glands
tonsils
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

Question 3

8 functions of the digestive system

Answer 3

ingestion
mastication (mechanical breakdown prep for enzymatic breakdown)
propulsion
mixing
secretion
digestion
absorption
elimination

Question 4

mucus, water, bile, and enzymes help what function

Answer 4

secretion

Question 5

what are the two types of digestion

Answer 5

mechanical
chemical

Question 6

4 tunics of the digestive tract

Answer 6

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa/adventitia

Question 7

the innermost layer has 3 components

Answer 7

mucous epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

Question 8

mucous epithelium is made of _________ in mouth, pharynx, exophagus, and anal canal, and ___________ in the rest

Question 9

lamina propria is made of what tissue

Answer 9

loose connective

Question 10

submucosa contains ____ tissue and what elements

Answer 10

thick connective, nerves, blood, vessels, small glands

Question 11

this stimulates secretion from intestinal glands in epithelieal layer

Answer 11

submucosal plexus

Question 12

muscularis contains what two layers

Answer 12

inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle

Question 13

regulates intestinal motility

Answer 13

myenteric plexus

Question 14

rhythmic contractions

Answer 14

peristalsis

Question 15

this provides input from the parasympathetic and influences ENS and local reflexes

Answer 15

vagus nerve

Question 16

two types of nervous regulation

Answer 16

local, general

Question 17

enteric nervous system

Answer 17

local nervous

Question 18

coordinates with CNS

Answer 18

general nervous

Question 19

input from this inhibits muscle contraction and decreases blood flow to the digestive tract

Answer 19

sympathetic

Question 20

production of hormones and histamine are released to help ENS

Answer 20

chemical regulation

Question 21

what are the neurotransmitters within chemical regulation

Answer 21

acetylcholine and serotonin
norepinephrine

Question 22

this neurotransmitter stimulates digestive tract motility

Answer 22

acetylcholine and serotonin

Question 23

this neurotransmitter inhibits digestive tract motility

Answer 23

norepinephrine

Question 24

peritoneum

Question 25

space between lips/cheeks and teeth

Answer 25

vestibule

Question 26

lips and cheeks are important to

Answer 26

mastication and speech

Question 27

this attaches tongue to floor

Answer 27

lingual frenulum

Question 28

protective acellular non-living outermost layer of crown

Answer 28

enamel

Question 29

this secures teeth in the alveoli

Answer 29

periodontal ligaments (alveolar bone)

Question 30

what are the three salivary glands

Answer 30

parotid submandibular sublingual

Question 31

the small coiled tubular glands on the surface of the tongue

Answer 31

lingual glands

Question 32

main function of saliva

Answer 32

protection lubrication

Question 33

the initial digestion of carbohydrates is due to

Answer 33

salivary amylase

Question 34

swallowing occurs in

Answer 34

phyrynx

Question 35

what regulates the movement of materials into and out of the esophagus

Answer 35

gastroesophageal/lower esophageal sphincter

Question 36

the folds in mucosa and submucosa within the stomach

Answer 36

rugae

Question 37

this cell protects the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes

Answer 37

mucus cells

Question 38

HCL is produced by what cells

Answer 38

Parietal cells

Question 39

maintains the acidic pH (between 1 and 3)

Answer 39

HCL

Question 40

before food enters the body, this phase is where everything is "stimulated", the 'get ready' phase

Answer 40

cephalic phase (get ready)

Question 41

parasympathetic action potentials are carried from medulla oblongata to the stomach by what

Answer 41

vagus nerve

Question 42

the second phase when the food reaches the stomach, the 'go for it' phase

Answer 42

gastric phase

Question 43

what activates the parasympathetic reflex where action potentials are carried back to the medulla oblongata

Answer 43

distension of the stomach

Question 44

last phase when chyme in duodenum inhibits gastric secretion to start the last 'slow down phase'

Answer 44

intestinal phase

Question 45

where does most of the digestion occur

Answer 45

small intestine

Question 46

list the divisions of the small intestine in order from 1st to last

Answer 46

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 47

this is the opening to ducts from the liver and pancreas within the duodenum

Answer 47

major and minor duodenal papillae

Question 48

circular folds that increase surface area

Answer 48

plicae circulares

Question 49

fingerlike projections on mucosa, containing capillaries and lacteals to increase surface area

Answer 49

villi

Question 50

these form the brush border to increase surface area

Answer 50

microvilli

Question 51

what section of the small intestine house the peyer's patches

Answer 51

jejunum

Question 52

what is the junction that connects small and large intestine

Answer 52

iloececal junction

Question 53

the duodenal glands which secrete mucus are stimulated by what

Answer 53

vagus nerve

Question 54

this prevents chyme from entering cecum and increases digestion and absorption in small intestine

Answer 54

cecal distention which constrics the ileocecal valve

Question 55

This is where bile is produced

Answer 55

Liver

Question 56

Sugar is removed from the blood and stored in the liver as ________

Answer 56

Glycogen

Question 57

List the 6 main functions of the liver

Answer 57

Bile production Storage Nutrient interconversion Detoxification Phagocytosis Synthesis of plasma protein

Question 58

Bile storage in the gallbladder is stimulated by

Answer 58

Vegan stimulation

Question 59

What is the endocrine portion of the pancreas

Answer 59

Pancreatic islets

Question 60

What 3 things do the pancreatic islets produce

Answer 60

Insulin Glucagon Somatostatin

Question 61

What four things does the large intestine consist of

Answer 61

Cecum Colon Rectum Anal canal

Question 62

Large intestine is responsible for absorption of _____ and ____

Answer 62

Water and salts

Question 63

Around the colon, the longitudinal muscle that is incomplete is called

Answer 63

Teniae coli

Question 64

Symport is driven by what

Answer 64

Sodium (Na)