Urinary Red Stuff

Question 1

this is the gradient responsible for filtration

Answer 1

filtration pressure

Question 2

filtration pressure pushes fluid from ____ across the membrane into the lumen of the __________

Answer 2

glomerular capillary
bowman’s capsule

Question 3

this is the blood pressure inside the capillary that tends to move fluid our of capillary into bowmans capsule

Answer 3

glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)

Question 4

this is the pressure of filtrate already in the lumen that tends to move fluid into cpillary

Answer 4

capsule hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

Question 5

this is caused by protiens in blood

Answer 5

blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)

Question 6

this happens when filtration membrane becomes more permeable and proteins enter the filtrate

Answer 6

acute glomerulonephritis

Question 7

as a result of acute glomerulonephritis, filtrate colloid osmotic pressure __________ the glomerular filtration rate

Answer 7

increases

Question 8

low resistance to blood flow in the afferent and glomerlar capillaries, and high resistance to blood flow in efferent arterioles contributes to what

Answer 8

high glomerular capillary pressure

Question 9

this changes the diameter which alters filtration pressure

Answer 9

dilation

Question 10

sympathetic stimulation

Answer 10

norepinephrine

Question 11

as filtrate flows through lumens of proximal tubule, loop of henly, distal tubule, and collecting ducts

Answer 11

tubular reabsorption

Question 12

in reabsorption each cell has three surfaces

Answer 12

apical
basal
lateral

Question 13

active transport of Na+ across the basal membrane is linked to

Answer 13

reabsorption of most solutes

Question 14

symporters in apical membrane couple Na+ transport with transport of what

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

concentration of glucose in filtrate exceeds rate of transport

Answer 15

diabetes mellitus

Question 16

associated with diabetes mellitus

Answer 16

glycosuria

Question 17

filtrate is concentrated here

Answer 17

the bend in loop of henly

Question 18

this happens in the loop of henly

Answer 18

reabsorption

Question 19

this part of loop of henly is highly permeable to water

Answer 19

descending thin segment

Question 20

this part of the loop of henly is impermeable to water

Answer 20

ascending thin segment

Question 21

this has variable permeability to water

Answer 21

wall of the distal tubule and the collecting ducts

Question 22

in the DCT and collecting duct, reabsorption is usually under _________ control

Answer 22

hormonal

Question 23

reabsorption happens when _____ is present, and produces increased ______

Answer 23

ADH
aquaporins

Question 24

the movement of nonfiltered substances (solutes) from the blood into the filtrate

Answer 24

tubular secretion

Question 25

URINE PRODUCTION SUMMARY

Question 26

what is the muscle surrounding the bladder

Answer 26

detrusor muscle

Question 27

why do we have the detrusor muscle

Answer 27

to contract and push out urine

Question 28

the triangular area between the entry point of the two ureters and the exit of the urethra

Answer 28

trigone

Question 29

this sphincter is specific to men

Answer 29

internal urinary sphincter

Question 30

this is surroundeding the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor

Answer 30

external urinary sphincter

Question 31

contractions that move urine through the ureters from the region of renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

Answer 31

peristalsis

Question 32

when does voluntary control of the external sphincter develop

Answer 32

age 2-3

Question 33

treatment to renal failure

Answer 33

dialysis

Question 34

this can result from any condition that interferes with normal kidney function

Answer 34

renal failure

Question 35

dialysis duplicates the function of what organ

Answer 35

kidneys

Question 36

what are the 6 functions of the urinary system

Answer 36

excretion regulation of blood volume and press regulation of blood solute concentrations regulation of extracellular fluid pH stimulation of RBC synthesis activation of vitamin D

Question 37

the kidneys lie behind the ______ on the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 37

retroperitoneal

Question 38

which kidney is slightly lower

Answer 38

right

Question 39

what is the thin layer of loose connective tissue surrounding the kidney

Answer 39

renal fascia

Question 40

where the renal artery and nerves enter the kidneys

Answer 40

hilum

Question 41

the outer area of the kidney that makes up the renal columns

Answer 41

cortex

Question 42

the inner area of the kidneys that makes up the renal pyramids

Answer 42

medulla

Question 43

the glomerulus, bowmans capsule and renal corpuscle make up what

Answer 43

nephron

Question 44

urine moves from the nephron to

Answer 44

the collecting ducts, papillary ducts, minor calyces, major calyces, and then renal pelvis

Question 45

arterial supply path into kidney

Answer 45

renal artery segmental artery interlobar artery arcuate artery interlobular artery afferent arterioles

Question 46

urine formation pathway starting from afferent arterioles

Answer 46

afferent arterioles glomerulus efferent arterioles peritubular capillaries vasa recta

Question 47

venous drainage pathway from kidney

Answer 47

peritubular capillaries interlobular veins arcuate veins interlobar veins renal veins

Question 48

what is the smallest structure capable of producing urine?

Answer 48

nephron

Question 49

what does a nephron do

Answer 49

filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

Question 50

what is the fluid that is filtered from the glomerular capillaries called? this enters bowman's capsule

Answer 50

filtrate

Question 51

when kidneys detect decreased blood pressure, what happens to renin secretion?

Answer 51

increases

Question 52

the simple squamous epithelium of the bowman's capsule is called

Answer 52

parietal layer

Question 53

the specialized pdocytes that wrap around the glomerular capillaries is called

Answer 53

visceral layer

Question 54

the first stage of urine formation occurs here

Answer 54

filtration membrane

Question 55

active reabsorption and secretion happens in this part of nephron

Answer 55

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 56

diffusion of water occurs in this part of the nephron

Answer 56

loop of henle

Question 57

active reabsorption of Na, K, Cl happens in this part of the nephron

Answer 57

distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts