Digestive Tract (DT)

Question 1

Function: oral cavity

Answer 1

Ingestion and initial fragmentation

Question 2

Function: esophagus

Answer 2

Conduct food from oral cavity to stomach

Question 3

Function: stomach

Answer 3

Complete fragmentation and initial digestion

Question 4

Function: duodenum

Answer 4

Get enzymes from pancreas and liver

Question 5

Function: jejunum & ileum

Answer 5

Complete digestion and main absorption

Question 6

Function: large intestines

Answer 6

Absorption of water and ions

Question 7

Layers of the DT

Answer 7

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Musculosa
4. Serosa (Adventitia)

Question 8

The walls of the mucosa layer has three layers covered with two types of epithelial cells

Answer 8

1. Stratified squamous epithelium
2. Simple columnar epithelium

Question 9

Function: wall of the mucosa layer

Answer 9

1. A selectively permeable membrane
2. Digestion and absorption
3. Produce hormone
4. Secrete mucus for lubrication and protection

Question 10

DT layer of connective tissue containing the Submucosa nerve plexus

Answer 10

Submucosa

Question 11

DT layer of smooth muscle cells and less skeletal muscle cells with inner circular and outer longitudinal sub layers

Answer 11

Muscularis

Question 12

The nerve plexus found in the muscularis layer of DT

Answer 12

Myenteric nerve plexus

Question 13

Function: myenteric nerve plexus

Answer 13

The contraction of muscularis propel and mix the food in digestive tracts

Question 14

The adventitia:

Answer 14

Serosa: LCT + mesothelium

Fibrosa: LCT

Question 15

Three layers of the mucosa layer

Answer 15

1. Stratified squamous epithelium
2. Lamina propria
3. Muscularis (mucosa)

Question 16

In the mucosa of the stomach, the columnar cells toward the surface are called

Answer 16

Surface mucous cell

Question 17

Invaginates into the lamina propria, opens into the gastric gland and functions to

Answer 17

Gastric pit

Question 18

Distribution: most of the stomach (body and fundus) except pylorus and cardia

Structure:
1. simple or branched tubular glands
2. Glands open into gastric pit
3. The epithelium of the gland include:
- chief cells
- parietal cells
- neck mucous cells
- undifferentiated cells
- endocrine cells

Answer 18

Main gastric gland

Question 19

Parietal cell is also called

Answer 19

Oxyntic cell

Question 20

Distribution: more numerous in upper half of the gland

Function:
1. Secrete hydrochloric acid
2. Produce intrinsic factor

Answer 20

Parietal cell

Question 21

Function: Intrinsic Factor

Answer 21

Intrinsic factor processes Vitamin B-12 into complex which aids the production of erythrocytes

Question 22

Breaks down protein into peptides and solid food becomes liquefied

Answer 22

Pepsin

Question 23

Activates the pepsinogen secreted from chief cells

Answer 23

HCl

Question 24

Distribution: the mucosa of cardia and pylorus respectively

Function: secrete mucous

Structure: composed mainly of mucous cells

Answer 24

Cardiac and pyloric glands

Question 25

Three special features of small intestine used to increase the surface area for the contact with food to promote absorption and digestion:

Answer 25

1. Plicae circulares (3-fold) 2. Villi (10-fold) 3. Microvilli (20-fold)

Question 26

Intestinal villi is most developed in the

Answer 26

Duodenum

Question 27

Intestinal glands are also called

Answer 27

Crypts

Question 28

Cells which aggregate at the bottom of the gland

Answer 28

Paneth cells

Question 29

Digestive and absorptive process take place on the surface of ________ along the microfilaments

Answer 29

Microvilli

Question 30

There are no goblet cells in the

Answer 30

Stomach

Question 31

________ and ________ are present outside the gland

Answer 31

1. Undifferentiated cell 2. Endocrine cells

Question 32

Glands in the duodenum are also called

Answer 32

Brunner’s gland (duodenal glands)

Question 33

Aggregated lymphoid nodules

Answer 33

Ileum

Question 34

In the mucosa layer of large intestines Function: goblet cells

Answer 34

Secrete mucus

Question 35

The narrowest part of the gut; a blind-ended tubule; poorly formed crypts; mucosa and Submucosa contain abundant lymphoid tissue

Answer 35

Appendix

Question 36

Possible extensions of Peyer patches in ileum

Answer 36

Duodenal glands

Question 37

Solitary (jejunum) and aggregated (ileum) - most prominent forming Peyer’s patches

Answer 37

Gut-Associated lumphoid tissue (GALT)

Question 38

GALT has many immune cells and function in

Answer 38

Protection

Question 39

Specialized epithelial cells overlying Peyer’s patches

Answer 39

M-cells

Question 40

M-cells are also called

Answer 40

Microfolds - cells

Question 41

Epithelium of the gut contains scattered cells that have an endocrine function

Answer 41

Enteroendocrine

Question 42

Endocrine cells can be identified by the presence of ______ which stain black by silver staining

Answer 42

Argentaffin cells

Question 43

Fig 1 Special epithelial lining

Answer 43

Esophagus

Question 44

Fig 2 Pit; gastric line

Answer 44

Stomach

Question 45

Fig 3 Finger-like

Answer 45

Jejunum (Small intestine)

Question 46

Fig 5

Answer 46

Paneth cells

Question 47

Fig 4 Duodenal gland

Answer 47

Duodenum

Question 48

Fig 9 Narrow lumen

Answer 48

Appendix