Digital Design and Manufacture Flashcards
(18 cards)
CIM
Computer integrated manufacture - Uses computers to enable planning and control of production processes.
Does planning, research, design, testing, development purchasing, accounting, inventory control and distribution.
Involves high levels of automation and relies on feedback from sensors and data streams
Data analysis - regular checks creates constant feedback: monitoring machine performances, eliminating downtime and breaks etc.
RFID Tags and barcodes
RFID tags, barcodes and QR codes are used at nearly every stage from production to retail.
- Updates inventory,
- Collects sales information
- Trigger repeat orders
Gives operators manufacturing specifications, request parts and can generate notifications to track products - also called Kanban functions
Research using computer systems
Computer systems are commonly used for research. Computer systems help researchers assess market demands and exploit customer profiling.
- Allows companies to forecast
- Help advertise market products more strategically
- Online surveys and sales analysis
- Track trends, habits and social norms
CAQC
Computer aided quality control, Integrates quality control and quality assurance strategies throughout production to:
- Reduce human error
- Enables efficient inspection and testing
Generates feedback data
Packing and distribution using computer systems
Computer systems add codes to ensure successful delivery and to track products location or last known location if lost.
Scanning allows packages to be tagged and tracked to improve customer satisfaction and assurance.
CAD
Computer aided design - is a software to aid with 2D and 3D working drawings, making it much easier to do technical drawings and offers 360 degrees views and walk-through tours.
CAD benefits
It can include vital details such as:
- Dimensions that can easily be built in and modified
- Elevations
- Sectional views such as layering, materials and colourways, orthographic and 3D dimensional views
- Notes on manufacturing details
In addition, CAD drawings can also be exported and imported meaning they can be shared easily and can be sent to CNC machines which will them cut out the wanted chape.
- Replaces large workforces - Increase accuracy and speed Allows for better understanding of the product
CAD Disadvantages
- high set up costs
- replaces traditional ways (loss of old practices)
- can cause large unemployment for low skilled workers
CAM
Computer aided manufacture - a software and computer-controlled machinery to automated a manufacturing process.
- Improves precision and speed, reduces waste and human error.
However does require high set-up costs and can be quite risky
Processes that use CAD and CAM
- Laser cutting - converts 2D CAD designs to CNC code to move a machine head along X and Y axes.
○ Can cut and/or engrave materials
○ Doesn’t require clamping but does require extraction
○ High precision and self-finishing process- CNC routing - offers versatility both in terms of movement and materials.
○ Converts CAD designs to X, Y and Z axes to create more complex shapes.
○ Can waste thick materials using variety of cutting tools -> can be change automatically
○ Requires extraction and workpiece must be clamped - CNC milling - can be used to cut complex 3D CAD designs/forms.
○ Variety of cutting tools use to make complex shapes
○ Cooling lubricants can be used when cutting metals to prolong tool life and give a superior finish
○ Often used to machine engine parts - Plotter cutter - reads 2D CAD files and cuts materials such as vinyl, paper and lightweight card.
○ Blade or pen passes left to right while rollers move the material back and forth
Often used with self-adhesive vinyl to create signage and vehicles decals
- CNC routing - offers versatility both in terms of movement and materials.
FEA
Finite element analysis - simulates specific loads and stresses on parts and components.
- Measures exactly how well products will perform under real-life forces
- Mechanical stresses like vibrations, heat, torsion and compression can be analysed.
- Weaknesses in the design can be identified and resolved to improve performances
FDM
Fused deposition modelling - 3D printing devices extrude melted filament through a nozzle.
- 3D objects are still built up in layers
- A variety of different materials can be used: often thermoplastics.
A additive method using processed material, in semi-liquid state, is added layer-by-layer - used to build houses in LCE countries.
Rapid prototyping
A CAM method which produces physical properties from CAD files.
- A lengthy but fully automated process
- 3D shapes are built up from 2D layers
- Sintering uses a laser to fuse layers in a bath of powder.
- Stereolithography uses a laser to cure a bath of resin, solidifying it layer by layer.
Commonly used for models of teeth or prototype prosthetics.
CFD
Computational fluid dynamics - software that simulates the flow of gases and liquids.
- Allows for tests such as harsh weather conditions to be carried out with virtual wind tunnels and wave tanks.
- Allows for errors or weak areas to be spotted in product designed to optimise the flow of gases and fluids such as vehicle engines.
EDI
Electronic data interchange - the exchange of digital data within a corporation.
- Increases efficiency and flexibility within a business.
Reduces costs and enables cloud-based file sharing
EPOS
Electronic point of sale - a holistic system that allows a company to monitor sales, stock and gain insight into customer and employee behaviour.
Often used for customer profiling such as loyalty card schemes and for sending out newsletters and promotional offers.
PPC
Plan and control production - coordinates various manufacturing activities to meet market demand as effectively as possible.
MPS
A master production schedule - allocates labour, material and time to a job.
Helps prioritise and schedule tasks to avoid delays in production caused by downtime and bottle-necks.
