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ICT Flash Cards > Digital Devices > Flashcards

Digital Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between Mainframe and Super Computers

A
  • Mainframe computers are used for bulk data processing and statistical analysis of data. They can also serve a large number of clients in a network simultaneously
  • Super Computers are used to process very large and complex mathematical calculations. Ex: Weather Forecasting or Rocket launches.
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2
Q

Types of mobile phones

A
  • Specialist Phones

- Smartphones

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3
Q

How do mobile phones connect to a mobile phone network

A

Mobile phones use a SIM ( Subscriber Identity Module ) card in order to uniquely identify a subscriber to a mobile phone network.

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4
Q

What are SBCs

A

Single Board Computers are a type of small and affordable computers that can be used in education as well as embedded and physical computing projects

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5
Q

What is an embedded Computer

A

These types of computers have the hardware fixed into position in a Circuit board and are used for specialist tasks.

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6
Q

What is a physical computer

A

These are interactive systems that can sense and respond to the world around them using sensors and actuators

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7
Q

What are the acessibility features provided by specialist phones

A
  1. Fewer buttons
  2. Larger Buttons
  3. Connection for hearing aids
  4. Text-to-speech
  5. Magnification using magnifier
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8
Q

What factors affect the quality of an image captured by the camera

A
  1. Quality of the lens, which can be used to alter the amount of light entering the camera.
  2. A good image processor to compensate for poor lighting conditions.
  3. A high resolution sensor to capture the images with more detail, because the more number of pixels in a photograph, the higher the quality of the photograph.
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9
Q

Components of a Home Entertainment system

A
  1. Television
  2. Sound System
  3. PVR (Personal Video Recorder)
  4. DVD / Blu-ray Player
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10
Q

What is convergence

A

The features and functions of multiple device getting together and combining with each other in oder to make one device.

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11
Q

What is a multifunctional device, with an example

A

These are devices that can perform a range of tasks including their primary task. Ex: a smartphone can be used for its primary task, taking calls and sending text messages, but it can also be used for other tasks like : playing games, listening to music, surfing the Internet, taking photographs and videos.

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12
Q

How does navigation aids work

A

Navigation aids uses data collected from GPS satellites in order to calculate the user’s device’s current location .

It also uses data collected from orientation sensors like : accelerometers in order to detect the orientation that the device is pointing at.

Navigation aids requires an Internet connection in order to update traffic and weather updates.

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13
Q

What is a smarthomes

A

These are types of homes that have devices connected to the Internet and can have the devices controlled using a central device like a smartphone, with a specialized app.

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14
Q

Features of digital devices

A
  1. Portability
  2. Performance
  3. Storage
  4. User Interface
  5. Expansion Capability
  6. Media Support
  7. Energy Consumption
  8. Security
  9. Connectivity
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15
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of laptops

A

Advantages :
+ Smaller in size, making them portable
+ Has a rechargeable battery
+ Has built-in Wi-Fi and blue tooth

Disadvantages:

  • Less upgradability
  • Can easily be stolen
  • Lower performance than desktops because of slower CPU, less RAM
  • Laptops are more expensive than desktops
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16
Q

What are the advantages and Disadvantages of using a tablet, rather than using a laptops

A

Advantages:
+ Smaller in size and footprint, making it more portable and takes up less space.
+ Has a touchscreen making it easier to use.
+ Longer battery life than laptop
+ Easier to use with a stylus than in laptop

Disadvantages:

  • Harder to type on a virtual keyboard, compared to the physical keyboard on a laptop
  • Can easily be stolen
  • Less storage space.
  • Lower performance because of slower CPU and less RAM and no dedicated GPU
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17
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using NFC enabled cards to pay for purchases

A

Advantages:
+ Faster payment process because there is no need to enter a PIN or insert the card into a card reader.
+ Reduces the bulk of cards in wallet because cards can be stored on smartphone.
+ Improves the customer experience.
+ No need to carry cash making it safer for the individual.

Disadvantages:

  • Security concerns because a PIN is not required to complete a transaction.
  • Not all retailers offer NFC payment.
  • They have a very low limit of money transaction
  • There may be technical problems.
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18
Q

Features of a monitor

A
  1. Resolution
  2. Energy Efficiency
  3. Screen Size
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19
Q

Features of a Data Projector

A
  1. Resolution
  2. Light Bulb
  3. Portability
  4. Zoom Functionality
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20
Q

What is the difference between storage devices and storage media

A

Storage media is where the data is stored, whereas the storage device contains the storage media and accesses the data stored on it.

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21
Q

Examples of storage media

A

Hard Disk Media
Optical Media ( CD, DVD, Blu-Ray)
Flash Media
Magnetic Tape

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22
Q

What does RW represent

A

Rewritable

23
Q

How does a HDD work

A
  1. HDD contains a number of concentric platters that all spin on a central spindle.
  2. A read/write head moves across the tracks on the platter.
  3. The read/write speed is determined by how fast the concentric platters spin around the spindle and how fast the read/write head moves.
  4. When reading data from the hard disk, the read/write head converts the magnetic field into a electrical signal.
  5. Whereas when writing data onto the hard disk, it converts the electrical signals into a magnetic field.
24
Q

What is seek Time on a HDD

A

The average time it takes for the read/write head in order to locate the area in the hard disk where the data is stored.

25
Q

What is virtual memory

A

This is an area of secondary storage that is used to store currently running programs and applications, when the space in the RAM has run out. Since virtual memory is in secondary storage, it is usually slower than RAM, wo programs will run slower.

26
Q

What is backwards compatibility

A

This is when older technology is compatible to be used with newer technology without having to be specially adapted.

27
Q

Why is it more difficult to corrupt data stored on microchip, than magnetic stripe.

A

Microchips are protected by a plastic coating. However, magnetic stripes are affected by stray magnetic fields, that can corrupt the data stored by them.

28
Q

Why is it better to store data in a microchip, rather than a magnetic stripe

A
  • Microchip has better security because the data can be encrypted with the use of a PIN.
  • Data stored on the microchip can easily be updated because it has an onboard microprocessor and more storage.
  • Data stored on the microchip are less affected by stray magnetic fields because they are protected by a plastic coating, whereas data stored on magnetic fields can get corrupted due to stray magnetic fields.
29
Q

What are the input devices available for people with physical disabilities

A
  1. Braille Keyboard, allowing visually impaired people to input characters into the system.
  2. Reading Pen, used by people with dyslexia to allow them to hear the words being read.
  3. Puff Suck Switch, for people with limited movement
  4. Foot Mouse, for people who have difficulty moving their hands.
  5. Eye Typer, for people who have difficulty using their hands to type.
30
Q

What settings in ICT systems can be changed in order to meet the accessibility needs of some people

A
  1. Adjust brightness and contrast
  2. Enlarge font size or screen using magnifier
  3. Text-to-speech
  4. Speed of blinking cursor
31
Q

Advantages of using a GUI rather than a CLI

A

Advantages:
+ No need to memorize any commands
+ No need to type any commands, which reduces human error
+ Easier to learn and use

Disadvantages:

  • Takes up more system resources and memory
  • Need to go through many menus in order to complete functions.
32
Q

How do projectors work

A

By shining light through a small transparent lens and projecting a still or moving image onto a wall or screen

33
Q

What are control devices

A

These are devices that make something happen in the real physical world

34
Q

Examples of control devices

A
  1. Valves
  2. Pistons
  3. Motors
  4. Heaters
  5. Coolers
35
Q

How does a microphone work

A

Sound vibrates a diaphragm in the front of a microphone. This causes a analog signal to be formed. This analog signal is converted into digital signals using a ADC in the sound card of the microphone.

36
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a USB memory stick in order to store data.

A

Advantages:
+ Very small and light weight, making it very portable.
+ Can easily transfer data between devices
+ Robust, making data less likely to get corrupted

Disadvantages :

  • Physical size is very small, making it easy to lose
  • Can easily transfer viruses from devices.
  • Data stored can get corrupted if removed incorrectly.
37
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using e-books rather than books in printed format

A

Advantages :
+ E-books are lighter to carry because all the books are in one unit
+ You can access the book from anywhere at anytime after they are downloaded onto the e-book reader.
+ You can easily enlarge the font in e-books for better readability
+ You can easily search for words and phrases and their meanings.

Disadvantages :

  • Not all books are available as e-books online.
  • Reading time depends on the battery life of the e-book reader.
  • May have physical stress problems. Ex: eye strain
  • Requires an internet connection to download or access books in the internet.
38
Q

What is navigation aids

A

They are used to CALCULATE the route between two or more locations while providing traffic updates to the user and changes to the route if it is not followed accurately

39
Q

What are windows in a GUI

A

These are areas of the screen that are dedicated to applications and certain operating system tasks

40
Q

What are icons in a GUI

A

These are images that represent applications and commands that can be opened or executed when clicked on using the pointer.

41
Q

What are menus in a GUI

A

These provide options related to tasks in the operating system or an open application

42
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using sensors to collect data rather than the manual entry of data.

A

Advantages :
+ Sensors are more accurate at data entry and can reduce human data entry errors.
+ Sensors are able to monitor 24/7, whereas humans will need rest.
+ Sensors can monitor very small changes in certain environmental factors. Ex: temperature. Humans cannot.
+ Sensors can easily and quickly change the data they collect into a digital format.
+ Sensors can be placed in areas that humans cannot go to. Ex: radioactive areas

Disadvantages :

  • Some sensors are very expensive to purchase.
  • Some sensors can be faulty and produce inaccurate results, causing major problems. Ex: car accident.
  • Some sensors are not very durable and are very fragile.
43
Q

What are some of the sensors used on a plane

A
  1. Temperature Sensors
  2. Altimeter
  3. Gyroscopic sensor
  4. Pressure sensor
  5. Proximity sensors
  6. Accelerometers
  7. Humidity sensors
44
Q

What are 3D printers

A

These are types of printers that can print out 3D life-like models that are created in CAD software. They work by printing layers of material on top of each other to form the model.

45
Q

What jobs are most likely to use a plotter

A
  1. Architect
  2. Cartographer
  3. Product designers
  4. Engineers
46
Q

What is the difference between optical zoom and digital zoom

A

Optical zoom is when you physically turn the lens in order to move the lens to zoom in or out.

Digital zoom uses software to enlarge a certain part of the image to give the effect of zooming in or out. This usually results in lower resolution images.

47
Q

What is the difference between storage and memory in a computer

A

Storage is used to refer to the secondary storage in a computer Ex : HDD, SSD ,whereas memory is used to refer to the primary storage. Ex : RAM and ROM

48
Q

What is the storage media of these storage devices :

  1. HDD
  2. SSD
  3. Optical Drives
  4. Magnetic Tape drives
A
  1. Hard Disk media
  2. Flash Media
  3. Optical Media
  4. Magnetic Tape
49
Q

What is meant by High-Resolution

A

This means that it contains a large number of pixels, giving a clearer and higher quality image.

50
Q

What are logistics

A

These are used to plan and control the effective delivery of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption

51
Q

What to consider if you wish to use devices away from home

A
  1. Good battery life
  2. Small size and weight for portability
  3. Multi-functionality of the device.
  4. Mobile Network Connectivity
  5. Connectivity of the device. (ex: USB type-c)
  6. Power Adapters
  7. Security of the device.
52
Q

What is a podcast

A

Media that contains audio and video that is available online

53
Q

What are the key points to write in the question, “Impact of ICT on Daily Lives”

A
  1. How it impacts the Environment
  2. How it impacts an individual’s security
  3. How it impacts an individual’s communication with others.
  4. How online services impact an individual’s convenience
54
Q

What is a plotter

A

A plotter is able to produce large and high-quality printouts that are created in CAD software. A plotter may use a pen that it can raise and lower from the piece of paper and some plotters can also roll the paper backwards and forwards

ICT Flash Cards (14 decks)

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