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Dose Limits for Ionizing Radiation > Digital imaging week 3 cont. > Flashcards

Digital imaging week 3 cont. Flashcards

1
Q

DICOM stands for

A

digital imaging and communication in medicine

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2
Q

DICOM is the standard for

A

handling, storing, printing and transmitting information in medical imaging

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3
Q

files can be exchanged between two entities that are capable of receiving images and patient data

A

DICOM files

in DICOM format

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4
Q

what provides some level of similarity in grayscale perception or appearance between display systems of different luminance

A

grayscale function

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5
Q

a part of DICOM that enables a piece of imaging equipment (a modality) to obtain details of patients and scheduled examinations electronically, avoiding the need to type such info x times

A

work list

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6
Q

ability to relay info between different multiple vendors and phone line communications

A

Interface

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7
Q

Part of workflow/ DICOM increases the speed of accessibility of images

A

delayed images

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8
Q

the rate of “missing” films has dropped from _ to _ since the implementation of PACS

A

8% to .3%

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9
Q

PACS stand for

A

picture Archiving and Communication Systems

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10
Q

HIS stand for

A

Hospital Information System

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11
Q

HIS aka

A

clinical Information System

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12
Q

comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage the administrative, financial and clinical aspects of a hospital

A

HIS

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13
Q

HIS is used to achieve the best possible

A

support of patient care and administration by electronic data processing

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14
Q

RIS stands for

A

Radiology Information System

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15
Q

RIS is used by radiology departments to

A

store, manipulate and distribute patient radiological data and imagery

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16
Q

RIS contains

A

patient tracking and scheduling, result reporting and image tracking capabilities

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17
Q

images viewed on a computer are referred to as (MONITORS)

A

soft copy images

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18
Q

2 types of monitors used for digital image display (MONITORS)

A

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

Liquid Crystal DIsplay (LCD)

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19
Q

what regulates the image by using a light source behind the screen which shines on individual pixels controlling the amount of light transmitted

A

LCD monitor

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20
Q

LCD monitor is made of

A

Liquid crystal and amorphous silicon TFT’s are between glass plates on the front of the monitor which regulate pixel transparency

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21
Q

What does it allow?

A

pixels to change from black to transparent (full light)

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22
Q

Disadvantage for LCD’s

A

are harder to visualize the farther you get from the front of the monitor

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23
Q

what is the light given to the monitor while the ambient level is what is visualized by the tech

A

Luminance

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24
Q

The LCD monitors have a _ luminance and generates _ heat than a CRT monitor

A

higher

less

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25
LCD's also have _ , allowing for
less reflection | more ambient levels to be used
26
what is used to measure luminance
photometer
27
spatial resolution has the ability to
image small objects that have high subject contrast
28
contrast determined by the size, shape, & attenuating characteristics of subject (pt) and the energy of the beam
subject contrast
29
Spatial resolution formula
FOV ----- Matrix
30
spatial resolution in digital imaging is limited by the
size of the pixel
31
of pixels utilized in construction of digital image; imaging system to accurately display objets in 2 dimensions
spatial resolution on an image
32
Images with higher spatial resolution have a
greater # of pixels
33
The numeric value of the pixel is dependent
of the tissue composition
34
spatial resolution is expressed in
3 dimensions; x axis, y axis, and z axis (grayscale bit depth)
35
each pixel corresponds to a three dimensional volume of tissue called a
voxel
36
what type relationship between matrix size and resolution
direct relationship
37
each image is made of a
matrix
38
matrix contains
numerous pixels
39
the greater the matrix size, the greater the _ | why?
resolution | a larger matrix provides smaller pixels
40
the matrix size is dependent on the
sampling frequency and the IR size
41
what are the two pixel sizes that are used in medical imaging
acquisition pixel size | display pixel size
42
Pixel size is dependent on the
sampling frequency
43
resolution is controlled by
matrix size
44
the larger the matrix size, the better the
spatial resolution
45
of photons striking the IP
Signal
46
A high SNR is _, a low SNR is _
desirable | undesirable
47
`the noisiest component of most digital systems is the
television camera
48
What does SNR stand for
Signal to Noise ratio
49
CNR means
contrast to noise ratio
50
the ability of an imaging modality to distinguish between various contrasts of an acquired image and the inherent noise in the image
CNR
51
what is desirable for CNR
a high CNR
52
measure of the total amount of contrast within the image; a high contrast image has a high frequency
frequency
53
subject contrast and acquired data contrast has a direct relationship; when subject contrast is high, acquired data contrast will also be high
contrast
54
disturbance in clarity
noise
55
systems ability to distinguish between similar tissues
contrast resolution
56
computer system must have _ range for optimal contrast resolution
sufficient dynamic range
57
the # of shades of gray that can be represented by the computer
dynamic range (wide latitude) of LCD monitor
58
the max. # of shades of gray that can be represented by a digital imaging system is the
numeric range of each pixel or "bit depth"
59
the actual dynamic range may be less than the
bit depth
60
the greater the dynamic range, the better the
contrast resolution
61
low dynamic range = _ contrast
high
62
High dynamic range= _ contrast which allows for a
low | wider latitude
63
what represents the # of bits used to reproduce image gray levels
bit depth
64
formula for Bit depth
8 bits=2 to the 8th power=256 gray scale levels
65
bit depth is determined by the _ based on the
manufacturer | imaging procedures the equipment is required for
66
random background info. that is detected but does not contribute to image quality
Noise
67
Noise appears as
quantum Mottle (grainy appearance)
68
Image noise has an _ relationship with contrast; increased noise
inverse
69
what are the 6 digital imaging quality factors
``` brightness gray scale resolution distortion exposure index noise ```
70
what is the intensity of light represented by each pixel on the IR ( replaces the word density)
brightness
71
difference in brightness between light and dark areas of an image
contrast
72
scatter is controlled by
correct use of grids close collimation optimal kV
73
what is recorded sharpness of structures
resolution
74
in addition to pixel size, _ is controlled by the display matrix
resolution
75
numeric value that represents the exposure that the IR received
exposure index
76
random disturbance that obscures image quality
noise
77
most manufactures have an exposure indicator that provides information on the average amount of radiation received is w/in "range" for _
acceptable range of exposure | post-processing manipulation
78
Kodak uses _ index
exposure
79
this # represents the exposure the IR represents the exposure the IR received
exposure index
80
#must be w/in range to
post-process
81
Agfa uses
log-median exposure
82
what compares exposure level to baseline established for department
log median exposure
83
Fuji uses
S #
84
High S # means | low S # means
IR was underexposed | IP was overexposed
85
Phillips uses a
S #
86
High S # means | low S # means
IR was underexposed | IP was overexposed

Dose Limits for Ionizing Radiation (16 decks)

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