Fluoroscopy week 3 cont. Flashcards

1
Q

what is a blotchy or grainy appearance caused by insufficient radiation to create a uniform image

A

quantum mottle

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2
Q

quantity of photons is controlled by the

A

mA and time settings

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3
Q

the most commonly used fluoroscopic viewing system is

A

video

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4
Q

video uses

A

closed circuit video

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5
Q

fluoro video cameral use a

A

vidicon or plumbicon tube or a charge-coupled device (CCD)

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6
Q

both tubes are _ in operation

A

similar

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7
Q

Plubicon tube has a _ time than a Vidicon tube

A

faster response

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8
Q

consists of a

A

control grid w/a cathod

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9
Q

cathode consists of pairs of _ serve to cause the election beam to scan the target in a path known as a

A

deflecting coils

Raster pattern

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10
Q

commercial TV uses

A

525 horizontal line pattern

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11
Q

High-resolution video systems now offer

A

1050 Line systems

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12
Q

for cathode the electron beam scans across the screen nearly _

A

1,000,000 times per min.

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13
Q

to avoid flicker each scan is divided into two halves 1st half is _ and 2nd half is

A

even # lines

odd # lines

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14
Q

what reduces the resolution and is the primary disadvantage of a video viewing system

A

Raster Pattern

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15
Q

The output phosphor of the image intensification tube is coupled with the face plate of the vidicon tube by fiber optics or optical lenses

A

Anode

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16
Q

for anode, the signal plate is thin enough to _ yet thick enough to _ out of the tube

A

transmit light

conduct the electronic signal

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17
Q

Vidicon tubes use _
Plumbicon tubes use _transmit light
conduct the electronic signal

A

Trisulfide

Lead oxide

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18
Q

what tube is connected to the output screen of the image intensification tube by either fiber optics or an optical lens system

A

vidicon tube

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19
Q

vidicon tube is unable to allow for

A

spot filming

20
Q

light photons are transmitted to the

A

signal plate and target

21
Q

spot filming requires an

A

optical lens system

22
Q

CCD means

A

charge-coupled devise

23
Q

what is a semiconducting device capable of storing a charge from light photons striking a photosensitive surface

24
Q

when light strikes the photoelectric cathode of the CCD, electrons are released based on the

A

intensity of incident light

25
CCD's have extremely fast _ which eliminates what
discharge time | image lag
26
CCD's are useful in
cardiac catheterization
27
CCD's are more sensitive than
video tubes
28
CCD's work at
lower voltage (longer life)
29
CCD's have what type of resolution
acceptable
30
True/False CCD's don't damage easily
true
31
video monitors are a
tv tube
32
what consists of a vacuum tube with a fluorescent phosphor coated on the inside of the front screen and a election gun with deflecting and focusing electromagnets
cathode ray tube
33
for the video monitor the electron gun is the | while the Anode is plated onto the
cathode | front screen
34
what follows the same raster pattern used by the camera
gun
35
phospher crystals emit
light when struck by e and transmit it as a visual image
36
what is the most restrictive element in the fluoro imaging chain resolution
video monitor
37
magnification of this image by the video camera or an optical system can increase
resolution significantly
38
video monitors operate in the _ and can emit
low kV | low energy x-rays
39
for video monitor, what can be adjusted with controls on the monitor itself
contrast and brightness
40
digital fluoroscopy is achieved through the use of a
thin film transistor
41
Thin film transistor replaces what
the image intensifier in nondigital fluoro systems
42
TFT is a _ unit with a _ connected to each pixel element
pixelated | photodiode
43
A unique feature of TFT's is that they are relatively
insensitive to x-ray photons
44
what is added to the image receptor to increase sensitivity
Csl Scintillator element
45
what resolution isn't as high as radiography | Why?
Digital Fluoro | the clinical value is outweighed by pt. exposure concerns
46
Dynamic systems are
recordings of fluoro images has been limited to cine film and videotape