Dignostic Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is schizophrenia classified as in the ICD-11?
A psychotic disorder
Schizophrenia is characterized by a loss of contact with reality.
What is a key characteristic of people with schizophrenia regarding their condition?
Lack of insight
Individuals may not seek help due to this lack of awareness.
What is required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the ICD-11?
At least one core symptom for at least one month
In less clear-cut cases, two symptoms may be necessary.
What must be eliminated before diagnosing schizophrenia?
Other causes of symptoms
Examples include substance misuse, medication side effects, or physical conditions.
How does the ICD-11 categorize symptoms of schizophrenia?
Six dimensional descriptors
Each is rated on a four-point scale.
What are the two types of symptoms categorized by the ICD-11?
Positive and negative symptoms
The classification also includes mood, cognition, and behavior symptoms.
Define positive symptoms in the context of schizophrenia.
Presence of psychological abnormality
This contrasts with negative symptoms, which refer to the absence of normal functions.
What are hallucinations?
Involuntary perceptual experiences without external stimuli
They can include auditory, visual, olfactory, and somatosensory experiences.
What is a core symptom of schizophrenia related to hallucinations?
Hearing voices
This is a common experience for individuals with schizophrenia.
What are experiences of influence, passivity or control?
These refer to the subjective experience that our thoughts, feelings, and actions are being controlled by external forces.
ICD-11 notes that delusional beliefs may develop as a way of explaining these experiences.
What is thought withdrawal?
The feeling that thoughts are being removed.
What is thought insertion?
The feeling that thoughts are being implanted.
What is thought broadcasting?
The feeling that thoughts are being transmitted to others.
What are delusions?
Fixed beliefs that conflict with reality.
What is a delusion of grandeur?
The belief that one sees themselves as exceptional in some way, such as having superhuman powers or abilities.
What is a delusion of persecution?
The belief that other people want to harm them, including feelings of being spied on, followed, or tricked.
What is a delusion of reference?
The belief that situations or events have personal significance, such as receiving signs about behavior or future events.
What are prodromal symptoms?
Weaker versions of core symptoms that may be shown before a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
What is an example of a prodromal symptom?
A person with persecutory ideation may hold false beliefs that are not as strong, such as thinking people might have been talking about them versus being convinced they were.
What is the difference between thinking people might have been talking about you versus being convinced they were talking about you?
There is a very fine line between the two.
This distinction can impact a person’s perception of reality.
What are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive symptoms include disorganised thinking, incoherent speech, word salads, and neologisms.
Disorganised behaviour may also occur, leading to unexpected or purposeless actions.
What does disorganised thinking in schizophrenia refer to?
It refers to the loss of ‘train of thought’, leading to incoherent speech and jumbled ideas.
This phenomenon is also known as derailment.
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Negative symptoms refer to the absence of thoughts, feelings, or behaviours considered psychologically normal.
Examples include flat affect, avolition, alogia, asociality, and anhedonia.
What is flat affect in schizophrenia?
Flat affect means the individual does not experience typical emotional highs and lows.
