Dimensional Approach, HiTOP and Assessment

Question 1

DSM-5 Changes

Answer 1

Re: PDs
* Removal of Axis system
* Includes two distinct systems for diagnosis PDs

Question 2

HiTOP- One dimensional approach to classification

Answer 2

• Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
  
  • Dimensional model of psychopathology
  • Taxonomy is the way you categorize something
  • Hierarchical is starting from the bottom to the top
  • Fully empirical nosology/classification system
    
    • Based on independent, research studies
    • Groups related symptoms together, reducing heterogeneity
    • Combines co-occurring systems, reducing comorbidity
    • Everything is measured on dimension/continuum, removing cut-offs
  • Aims to systematize and facilitate research and clinical practice
  • Self reports and clinical interviews developed/being revised
    
    • Assessments results given as a summary of facets, etc.

Question 3

Assessment: Interviews

Assessment

Answer 3

The set of procedures for gathering information about an individual (may or may not lead to diagnosis)

Question 4

Assessment: Clinical Interviews

Structured

Answer 4

When someone is being asked questions in the same order

Question 5

Assessment: Clinical Interviews

Semi-Structured Interview

Answer 5

When clinician has a list of questions, and depending on how you respond, you get additional questions. Flexible.

Question 6

Assessment: Clinical Interviews

Symptoms

Answer 6

(What the person reports) Report is as part of the session

Question 7

Assessment: Clinical Interviews

Signs

Answer 7

What the clinican observes

Question 8

Assessment: Clinical Interviews

Diagnostic based measures

Answer 8

• Focus on categorical diagnoses
  
  • Diagnostic interview personality disorders - IV (DIPD)
  • Schedule for Nonadaptive and adaptive personality (SNAP)
  • Internation personality disorder examination

Question 9

Assessment: Self-Report measures/questionaries/surveys

Self-report measures/questionnaires/surveys

Answer 9

• Data is used to collect information of client
• Focus is personality traits
  
  • Personality inventory for DSM-5

Question 10

Assessment

Pros of interviews

Answer 10

• Clinicians observations count
• Can rephrase/explain anything that is confusing to the clients

Question 11

Cons of interviews

Answer 11

• time consuming and expensive
• client might be less willing to share with the clinician because of stigma

Question 12

Pros of self-reports

Answer 12

• fast and inexpensive to administer and score

Question 13

Cons of self-reports

Answer 13

• Clinician observations not taken into account so client-based
• Client could misunderstand them

Question 14

Dimensional approach is more accurate

Answer 14

• Lots of evidence supports this approach
  
  • Does not forces people into categories that they may or may not fit
  • Retains info about additional personality traits that are important for understandng the patient’s level of adjustment and functioning
• A dimensional trait model would allow for individualized profiles of traits for each person
  
  • More precise and accurate than a diagnostic category
  • Better inform treatment and research