Personality and Psychopathology; Onset; Risk factors for PDs

Question 1

Personality and Psychopathology

Relation between the two

Answer 1

1. Influence the presentation of the other (Psychopathology –> personality –> expression; Personality –> psychopathology –> expression)
2. Causal role (personality –> psychopathology; Psychopathology –> personality)
3. Common, underlying cause (Spectrum relations)
   4.

Question 2

Onset

Stigma

Answer 2

• Negative attitudes and beliefs towards people, places, or things
• Leads to labeling, stereotyping, discrimination
• Diagnosing PDs in Youth <18 years old: Stigma is a huge problem, but not giving appropriate diagnosis could be siding with stigmatizers and has clinical risks

Question 3

Risk factors of PDs (ACES-averse childhood experience)

Child factors

Answer 3

• School-related factors (multiple denotations, suspensions, having a lack of goals, having low IQ)
• Psychopathology factors
  
  • PD features in childhood/adolescence are among the strongest long-term predictors
  • Another non-PD diagnosis + PD increased odds of a young adult PD relative to either alone
  • Maternal reports of mental health issue
• Abuse and neglect
  
  • Parents: Raised by single parent, parental illness/death, parenting style, parent conflict/dynamics, parental psychopathology
  • SES: Lower SES, higher risk factor for personality disorders