Diptera- Biting Flies

Question 1

What are the 3 flies in the suborder Cyclorrhapha & family Muscidae?

Answer 1

• Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly/ biting house fly)
• Haematobia iritans (horn fly)
• Haematobia stimulans (long-palped stable fly or cattle biting fly)

Question 2

Stomoxys calcitrans is commonly known as the:

Answer 2

stable fly or biting house fly

Question 3

what is the distribution of biting flies

Answer 3

worldwide

Question 4

what is the veterinary significance of biting flies taking a blood meal

Answer 4

• nuisance: painful, itching, and allergic reaction
• biological vector: leads to disease, production losses, and death

Question 5

What type of mouthparts does family Muscidae have?

Answer 5

piercing mouthparts protruding forwards

Question 6

The larvae of Muscidae is similar to that of ______.

Answer 6

Musca

Question 7

what are the biting fly families to know within the cyclorrhapha sub-order

Answer 7

diptera -> cyclorrhapha ->
- muscidae (house flies)
- glossinidae (tsetse flies)
- hippoboscidae (keds/louse/forest flies)

Question 8

what are the biting fly families to know within the nematocera sub-order

Answer 8

diptera -> nematocera ->
- cullicidae (mosquitoes)
- simullidae (black flies)
- ceratopogonidae (midges)
- psychodidae (sand flies)

Question 9

what are the biting fly families to know within the brachycera sub-order

Answer 9

diptera -> brachycera -> tabanidae (horse and deer flies)

Question 10

What is a key characteristic of Haematobia irritans?

Answer 10

always closely associated with its host

Question 11

both sexes of the family muscidae biting flies feed on what

Answer 11

blood

Question 12

Muscidae biting flies feed during what time?

Answer 12

during the day time

Question 13

Where does Stomoxys feed?

Answer 13

on sunny sites on walls and vegetation

Question 14

Where does Haematobia feed?

Answer 14

on the host/animal (horn region)

Question 15

Where does Stomoxys breed?

Answer 15

Decaying organic matter:

Straw, litter and manure mixed with straw/ bedding material

Question 16

Where does Haematobia breed?

Answer 16

Decaying organic matter:

fresh bovine manure

Question 17

How long is the life cycle of the Muscidae family of biting flies

Answer 17

12-60 days (over winter as larvae or pupae)

Question 18

When are Muscidae biting flies in their highest abundance?

Answer 18

july- august

Question 19

Where do Haematobia flies cause biting stress on the animal?

Answer 19

• backs and sides of cattle

Question 20

Where do Haematobia flies cause biting stress on the animal?

Answer 20

• legs of cattle
• ears of dog

Question 21

Stomoxys acts as a mechanical vector for what 3 diseases?

Answer 21

• Trypanosoma evansi
• equine infectious anemia
• bovine leucosis

Question 22

Stomoxys acts as a biological vector for what disease?

Answer 22

Habronema in horses

Question 23

Haematobia acts as a biological vector for which disease?

Answer 23

Stephanofilaria nematode in cattle

Question 24

Fly bites are usually caused by:

Answer 24

Stable flies biting the ears of dogs AND legs of cows

Question 25

what are the species to know within the Psychodidae family of biting flies (suborder Nematocera)

Answer 25

Diptera -> Nematocera -> Psychodidae - Phlebotomus sand flies: old world (Africa & Europe) - Lutzomyia sand flies: new world (U.S.)

Question 26

what kind of mouthpart does the Psychodidae family of biting flies have

Answer 26

piercing sucking

Question 27

Which fly is this?

Answer 27

Phlebotomus sand fly

Question 28

Which fly is this?

Answer 28

Lutzomyia sand fly

Question 29

What do Psychodidae female biting flies feed on?

Answer 29

blood meals and plant juices

Question 30

Psychodidae sand flies are delicate, and tend to avoid what kind of conditions?

Answer 30

dry, hot, & windy conditions

Question 31

Where are Psychodidae sand flies typically found + what time of day?

Answer 31

- they are mostly nocturnal and outdoors - found in warm, tropical and sub-tropical humid climates

Question 32

Where do the females of Psychodidae deposit eggs?

Answer 32

in dark areas with high humidity: - cracks - crevices - burrows

Question 33

What is the veterinary importance of Psychodidae biting flies?

Answer 33

- Allergy to bites Biological vectors: - Humans: Arbovirus (sandfly/ pappataci fever) - Humans and animas (dog): Leishmania spp.

Question 34

The family Culicidae of biting flies consist of ____ species & 37 genera of:

Answer 34

3500 species & 37 genera of mosquitoes

Question 35

What are the 2 main families of mosquitoes to know?

Answer 35

- Culicinae - Anophelinae

Question 36

What are the 2 members of family Culcinae?

Answer 36

Aedes Culex

Question 37

What does the family Anophelinae consist of?

Answer 37

Anopholes- vectors of malaria

Question 38

Which family of mosquitoes are vectors of malaria?

Answer 38

Anophelinae

Question 39

The distribution of mosquitoes can be described as:

Answer 39

cosmopolitan- found across a vast geographic range (pretty much everywhere)

Question 40

Describe the wings and antennae of mosquitoes:

Answer 40

- slender wings with scales - long antennae with 14-15 segments

Question 41

What kind of mouthpart do mosquitoes have?

Answer 41

elongate proboscis that inserts into the dermis to imbibe (drink) blood

Question 42

What do male and female mosquitoes feed on?

Answer 42

female: blood meal with some specific host preferences male: nectar only

Question 43

Where do female mosquitoes lay eggs?

Answer 43

on or near stagnant water

Question 44

When do mosquitoes fly?

Answer 44

at night

Question 45

What are the larval and pupal stages of mosquitoes called, and where do they develop?

Answer 45

Larval- wigglers Pupal- tumblers They both develop in stagnant water

Question 46

When do mosquitoes feed?

Answer 46

at dusk

Question 47

Why is blood protein important for mosquitoes?

Answer 47

for the maturation of ovaries

Question 48

Where do mosquitoes overwinter during development? (a period of dormancy during which mosquitoes survive the cold winter months)

Answer 48

- some species in egg stage on dry substances - others as fertilized females (temperate regions)

Question 49

Mosquitoes act as biological vectors for what protozoa?

Answer 49

plasmodium spp. in birds and humans

Question 50

Mosquitoes act as biological vectors for what microfilaria?

Answer 50

- Dirofilaria immitis (dogs and cats - Setaria spp (cattle, horses, and deer) - Wuncheria and Bruglia (humans and cats)

Question 51

Mosquitoes act as biological vectors for what arboviruses?

Answer 51

- avian pox, yellow fever, various encephalitis - rift valley fever, West Nile virus

Question 52

What host reactions do mosquitoes cause?

Answer 52

- biting stress - anemia (can lead to death) - type 1 or 4 hypersensitivity