Ectoparasites- Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Flashcards
(87 cards)
What is the curative approach to control?
Cure/heal sick animals following the diagnosis of infection.
What is the metaphylaxis approach to control?
Treatment of a group of animals after diagnosis of infection in part of the group to prevent the spread of infectious disease.
What is the preventative approach to control?
Treatment of an (group) animal before clinical signs to prevent the occurrence of disease or infection.
What is the strategic approach to control?
Treatment at certain time points according to parasite biology.
What factors do methods of control depend on?
Host specificity, economic consideration, overall objective (protection vs reducing population size), environmental considerations (killing of other organisms).
How is the best control achieved?
A combination of methods.
How do you prevent nuisance flies from ovipositing?
Manure and garbage in fly proof pits/bins, cover silage pits, manure and garbage far away from buildings.
How do you control nuisance flies by habitat alteration?
Reduce sources where larvae could develop, control volume of cattle and poultry feces either through scattering or turning every 5 days.
What are the ways of controlling nuisance flies specifically?
Prevent flies from ovipositing, habitat alteration, kill adults before they cause harm or produce offspring, exclude adult flies from animal environment.
What are some artificial/chemical ways to prevent nuisance flies?
Insecticidal treatment of resting places, fly proof windows and doors, apply insecticides or repellent to animals, juvenile hormone (dimlin) fed to animals that is excreted in feces and interferes with exoskeleton development, fly traps.
What considerations must be made when using chemicals to control fly populations?
Development of resistance, protecting the environment, preventing accumulation of chemical residues.
What are the aims of controlling flies of aquatic/wet environments?
Prevent bites, keep populations at acceptable densities, minimize insect-vertebrate contact, reduce the longevity of female flies.
Control of aquatic/wet environment flies should be directed at what stage?
Larvae: insecticides in water, larval endotoxin Bacillus thuringiensis.
How can habitat management be used to control larvae of flies in aquatic environments?
Removing manufactured sources of standing water: mosquitoes, drain swampy areas: Culicoides, control water flow (dams): Simulium.
How can insecticides be used to prevent adult flies of aquatic environments?
Carbamates, organophosphates, and pyrethrins, pour-on/spray on, ear tags in livestock, collars in dogs/cats, direct or residual.
What repellents are used to control adult flies of aquatic environments?
DEET (diethyltoluamide), synthetic pyrethroids, vegetable oils (citronellol, eucalyptus).
How can barriers be used to control adult flies of aquatic environments?
Screens to keep adults out, treat screens with insecticides, stable animals when flies are most active, sound generators.
What are the goals of controlling myiasis flies?
Avoid contact between host and fly, early treatment of wounds to prevent myiasis, eliminate fly population.
How are myiasis flies treated with insecticides?
Prophylactically with residual action in June and August, pour-on insect growth regulator.
How are myiasis flies controlled by reducing host specificity and attractiveness?
Treat wounds with insect repellent, prevent fecal and urine contamination, remove excess wool from groin and perineal area.
What control method of myiasis flies is being used experimentally in Australia?
Vaccination.
What are the control methods of bot, warble, and nostril flies?
Reduce number of flies, fly repellents, dispose horse feces before flies emerge, integrated management programs, experimental vaccines.
What are the methods for removing gasterophilus eggs from horse legs?
Removing eggs with a fine-tooth comb, washing with warm water and insecticide to induce hatching and kill larvae.
What considerations must be made in the control of fleas?
Must target both adults on host and immature stages in environment, many products exist with different targets, FAD needs immediate ‘knock down’ effect; as long as adult fleas feed there will be an allergy.
