direct vasodilators

Question 1

What are examples of direct vasodilators

Answer 1

1- hydralazine

2- Minoxidil

3- Diazoxide

4- sodium nitroprusside

5- Fenoldopam

Question 2

whats the mechanism of hydralazine , minoxidil, diazoxide

Answer 2

increase potassium k efflux —> k leaves —> cell becomes paralyzed

Question 3

whats a difference between arteriole vasodilator and venus dilator

Answer 3

arteriole dilator —> decrease afterload
venus dilator –> decrease preload

Question 4

what do you usually give with vasodilators ?

Answer 4

bb and diurectis : vasodilators cause reflex tachycardia and increased RAAS system , you give bb to counter tachycarida and diuretics to counter RAAS

Question 5

what are the uses of hydralazine?

Answer 5

1- chronic hypertension
2- hypertensive emergencies
3- pregnant hypertension ( number 3 )

-ITS ARTERIOLE DILATOR

Question 6

what are the side effects hydralazine?

Answer 6

SLE like symptoms and rash

Question 7

what are the uses of minoxidil

Answer 7

refractory hypertension

hair growth

ITS ARTERIOLE DILATOR

Question 8

how is diazoxide administered?

Answer 8

IV

Question 9

what are the uses of diazoxide

Answer 9

1- hypertension emergencies IV

ITS ARTERIOLE DILATOR

Question 10

what should be administered with diazoxide

Answer 10

furesamide

Question 11

whats the adverse effect of diazoxide

Answer 11

inhibit insulin release from pancrease like ccb

Question 12

What are the two examples of nitroprusside?

Answer 12

nitride , nitropres

ARE BOTH VENUS AND ARTERIOLE DILATORS

Question 13

how nitroprusside is administered?

Answer 13

IV, continuous IV, cuz its effects appear and disappear fast

Question 14

what are nitroprusside uses

Answer 14

hypertension emergencies

Question 15

how nitroprusside work?

Answer 15

increase nitric oxide

Question 16

what do you administer with nitroprusside

Answer 16

furosemide

Question 17

what type of toxicity can it causes?

Answer 17

cyanide toxcity due to either

1- high dose
2- hepatic failure -> liver cant metabolize cyanide

Question 18

how do you treat the toxicity?

Answer 18

Sodium thiosulfate
Hydroxycoblamin

Question 19

what should you protect nitroprusside from?

Answer 19

Light

Question 20

whats the function fenoldopam

Answer 20

its acts on D1 receptors causing vasodilation PRIMARILY IN RENAL so its good for renal failure

its both vein and arteriole dilator

Question 21

how fenoldopam administered?

Answer 21

IV, continous iv effects appear and disappear fast like nitroprusside

Question 22

how are the uses of fenoldopam

Answer 22

hypertensive emergencies

renal failure

Question 23

what are the adverse effects of fenoldopam?

Answer 23

increase IOP

Question 24

when is fenoldopam contraindicated

Answer 24

glucoma

Question 25

what are the drugs used in pregnancy until now?

Answer 25

1- methyl dopa/clonidine 2- nifidipine and his brothers 3- hydralazine 4- bb ( labetalol and carvedalol )

Question 26

what are the drugs in emergencies until now?

Answer 26

1- IV enalaprilat 2- IV labetalol/carvedolol 3- iv clevidipine 4-hydralazine 5- diazoxide 6- sodium nitroprusside 7- fenoldopam

Question 27

what are drugs used in renal failure

Answer 27

- clonidine - BB? -cc -ab? -fenoldopam