alpha and beta blockers + sympatholytics Flashcards
(42 cards)
whats the function of alpha 1 receptors ?
1- effect on vessels =VASOCONSTRICTION
2- effect on uterus : Contraction
3- eyes : contraction of the dilator pupilieee ( muscle in the eye ) leading to dilated pupils and myadrasis , during sympathetic activity eyes dilate to see properly in danger
4- wall of GIT/BLADDER = dilation
5- splinchter GIT/BLADDER = contraction ( if alpha is blocked lead to urine retention )
6- sweat glands of the palm and forehead = sweating
what is the function of alpha 2 receptors?
its mainly presynaptic :
it has inhibitory effect —-> inhibit the release of noreephrine –> relaxation and vasodilation
whats the function of alpha blocker?
1- vasodilation MOST important
and the opposite of everything mentioned in the function
what reflex does do alpha blockers do?
reflex tachycardia due to hypotension because they cant reset the baroreceptor like ace and bb
what are the 2 types of alpha blockers? give examples
non selective which block both alpha 1 and alpha 2 like ( AMINE ):
phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Selective alpha 1 blockers ( OSIN) :
Prazosin- PROTOTYPE
Doxazosin
Terazosin
why dont we have selective alpha 2 blockers?
cuz alpha 2 is a good receptor and it causes inhibition and relaxations
what are the uses of non selective alpha blockers? phenoxybenzamine/phentolamine
is no longer used for hypertension but it is used for PHEOCHROMACYTOMA
what are the uses of selective alpha blockers ? prazosin doxazoin terazosin
there are 3 uses :
1- HYPERTENSION
2- PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA in combination with beta blocker (b4 surgery)
3- TREATMENT OF RAYNAUD DISEASE ( which ischemia due to vasoconstriction, you give alpha blocker cuz it causes vasodilation )
whats happens when you give the first dose alpha blockers? But its resolved later when body adjusts to it
SEVERE hypotension and syncope + reflex tachycardia
what is the function of beta 1 receptors?
In heart : Increases all aspects of the heart : contractility ,cardiac output, heart rate, everything
in kidneys : Release of renin
Vessels : Vasodilation
Lipolysis
whats the function of beta 2 receptors?
نصف الرجوله b2
In skeletal muscle :
1- Vasodilation = more blood to muscles
2- Increase sensitivity of muscles
3- takes potassium from blood and take it to the muscle –> hypokalemia
In liver : glycolysis you need energy for running
in trachea : bronchodilation you need air to run
In eyes : increase the aqueous humor to increase the eye pressure –> when you are running theres pressure in your eyes the aqueous humor will counter this pressure – > beta blockers can be used in glucoma
in heart : Vasodilation of coronary arteries —> beta agonist can be used in angina and prinzemetal angina
-Utertine : relaxation -when you are running and you are pregnant you dont want to contract w gg
In CNS : release norepinephrine
whats the function of beta blockers?
the antihypertensive effects :
1- Decrease cardiac output ( due to blockage b1 decreasing heart rate )
2- decrease sympathetic flow from CNS ( Due to blockage of b2 )
3- Inhibit renin release ( due to blockage of b1)
4-increase PGI and nitiric oxide leading to vasodilation
5- reset baroreceptor no tachycardia like ACE
6-bronchoconstriction – contraindicated in asthma patients
7- inhibit glycogenlysis in liver
and opposite of everything else mentioned before
what are the types of beta blockers and give examples
non selective beta blockers block both beta 1 and beta 2 :
Propranol = the prototype
Nodalol
Timolol
pindolol
penbutalol
Cartelol
selective beta blockers block beta 1 only :
metaprolol
Atenolol
acebutalol
bisoprolol
nebivolol
whats the different functions of both types?
the none selective, block both b1 and b2 leading to:
decrease HR and contractility
decrease renin release
vasodilation
decrease cns sympathetic activity
inhibit glycogenlysis
bronchoconstriction
But the selective ones only work on heart and kidney and vessels
which beta blocker has extended period of action?
nadolol non selective
which beta blocker causes vasodilation by nitric oxide release
nebivolol selective
which beta blockers require dosage reduction in renal failure
nadolol and cartelol both are none selective
which beta blocker is used in glucoma
timolol ( non selective ) and betaxolol
which beta blockers are cardio selective
atenolol and metaprolol both are selective
which beta blocker are lipophilic and metabolized in liver
PM
proprolol and metaprolol
which beta blockers are lipophobic and excreted unchanged in urine
AS
atenolol and sotalol
what is the most selective beta blocker
nebivolol
what are the adverse effects of beta blocker?
1- hear failure cuz heart depressing
2- bradycardia no reflex tachycardia cuz they reset baroreceptor
3-heart block from depressing
4- bronchoconstriction
5- sedation
6- sudden stop , if you want to stop , stop gradually to avoid arrhythmia and hypertension
what are the contraindication of beta blocker
1- asthma patients cuz bronchoconstriction
2- prinzemetal angina ( you should beta agonist not antagonist )
3- peripheral vascular disease ( RAYNAUD FOR EXAMPLE, peripheral vascular disease means ischemia , you dont want to give bb cuz you need beta vasodilation effect )
4- alone in pheochromocytoma
be caution in diabetes patients cuz sometimes sugar drops and when bb are used it will inhibit glycogenlysis and there wont be sugar to help., this is most likely avoided when using selective cuz selective inhibit b1 alone and not b2 and b2 is responsible for glycogenlysis
