Disability in society

Question 1

What are the three areas where the impact of disability should be explored?

Answer 1

Patients, patients’ friends/family/carers, and society in general

Question 2

What does The Equality Act 2010 define?

Answer 2

disability is a ‘substantial’ and ‘long-term’ negative effect on daily activities

Question 3

According to the WHO (1980), what is an impairment?

Answer 3

An abnormality or limitation of structure or function.

Question 4

What is the functional consequence of impairment according to WHO?

Answer 4

Disability

Question 5

What is the social consequence of impairment according to WHO?

Answer 5

Handicap

Question 6

Why is it important not to use incorrect or judgmental terms when discussing disability?

Answer 6

They can be hurtful or offensive

Question 7

What proportion of people have two or more chronic conditions?

Answer 7

1 in 4

Question 8

What will the proportion of people with four or more chronic conditions be by 2034?

Answer 8

1 in 5

Question 9

What are the two leading causes of multi morbidity?

Answer 9

Age and deprivation

Question 10

How much will the over-75 population increase in the next 20 years?

Answer 10

It will double

Question 11

What is one way the burden of disease is measured?

Answer 11

By using the disability-adjusted life year (DALY).

Question 12

What does one DALY represent?

Answer 12

The loss of one year of full health.

Question 13

Since when has the Global Burden of Disease Study been describing morbidity and disability?

Answer 13

Since 1990.

Question 14

How can disability vary over time?

Answer 14

It can be temporary, life-long, relapsing/remitting, progressive/static, variable, or unexpected.

Question 15

What types of professionals, besides doctors, support people with disabilities?

Answer 15

Specialist nurses, OTs, physiotherapists, district nurses, speech therapists, dieticians, carers, play therapists, third sector involvement.

Question 16

According to the quote attributed to Einstein, why might judging a fish by its ability to climb a tree be problematic?

Answer 16

It will believe it is stupid, showing the need to value different abilities.

Question 17

What does the Medical Model of disability say causes disability?

Answer 17

Disease or impairment.

Question 18

What does the Social Model of disability emphasize as the cause of disability?

Answer 18

The way society is organized.

Question 19

What is one major flaw of the Medical Model?

Answer 19

It doesn’t explain the variable lived experiences of people with disabilities.

Question 20

According to the Social Model, does a person ‘have’ a disability?

Answer 20

No, they ‘experience’ a disability.

Question 21

What barriers besides physical ones can restrict disabled people?

Answer 21

Prejudice and stereotypes.

Question 22

How does the Social Model suggest helping a wheelchair user access a building?

Answer 22

Add ramps, widen doors, ensure lifts and accessible parking.

Question 23

How does the Medical Model suggest helping a wheelchair user?

Answer 23

Improve mobility through therapy or medical/surgical advances.

Question 24

In helping a deaf child attend mainstream school, what does the Social Model suggest?

Answer 24

Provide sign language interpretation, speech-to-text tech, support staff, and teach BSL.

Question 25

What interventions would the Medical Model use for a deaf child?

Answer 25

Hearing aids, cochlear implants, grommets, speech and language therapy.

Question 26

How can negative attitudes impact disabled people's lives?

Answer 26

They can limit opportunities for work, independent living, relationships, and families.

Question 27

Why might physical disabilities not be obvious?

Answer 27

They can involve hidden symptoms like pain or breathlessness

Question 28

How can the impact of disability vary even between people with the same condition?

Answer 28

Based on activity, time of day, recent activity, exacerbations, and concurrent injuries.

Question 29

How can visible disfigurement impact a person without causing disability?

Answer 29

It affects societal interactions (‘handicap’) without loss of function.

Question 30

What charity supports people with visible differences?

Answer 30

Changing Faces.

Question 31

Name two examples of hidden disabilities.

Answer 31

Chronic pain and sensory impairment.

Question 32

What is the difference between partially sighted and registered blind?

Answer 32

Partially sighted = moderate impairment; Blind = severe impairment affecting activities.

Question 33

Do all Deaf people consider themselves disabled?

Answer 33

No, many see themselves as part of a linguistic minority.

Question 34

What is a major challenge for Deaf people in a hearing culture?

Answer 34

Experiencing handicap or disability.

Question 35

What does cognitive impairment affect?

Answer 35

Memory, concentration, learning new skills, and decision-making.

Question 36

What are the three criteria for learning disability according to the Department of Health?

Answer 36

Impaired intelligence, impaired social functioning, condition starting before adulthood and lasting.

Question 37

What are some neuroatypical conditions?

Answer 37

ASD, ADHD, Dyslexia, Dyspraxia.

Question 38

How can healthcare inequalities arise for disabled patients?

Answer 38

Through restricted healthcare access affecting health outcomes.

Question 39

What are examples of reasonable healthcare adjustments for people with disabilities?

Answer 39

Simple language leaflets, BSL translators, ramps, accessible equipment.

Question 40

What causes transitions in care for disabled patients?

Answer 40

Age, geography, funding, service changes, medical needs, scientific advances.

Question 41

What problems can poor transitions in care cause?

Answer 41

Stress, distress, gaps in care, missed follow-ups.

Question 42

What opportunities can smooth transitions in care offer?

Answer 42

Growth and development for patients and families.

Question 43

Name a challenge faced by people with disabilities in hospital/surgery settings.

Answer 43

Physical access barriers.

Question 44

What is a key principle when caring for patients with disabilities?

Answer 44

Listen and acknowledge the patient's expertise about their condition.

Question 45

Why is it important to have doctors with disabilities in the medical workforce?

Answer 45

They reflect society and bring valuable skills and experiences.

Question 46

Name a doctor who is a role model for doctors with disabilities.

Answer 46

Dr. Hannah Barnham-Brown.

Question 47

What is the main conclusion about disability in society and medicine?

Answer 47

Disabilities are common, impacts are highly variable, and health professionals have a key supportive role.