Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Flashcards by ScrapyGamer Z

DRRM?

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

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Four (4) themes in disaster risk reduction management framework?

Disaster prevention and mitigation
Disaster preparedness
Disaster response
Disaster rehabilitation and recovery

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the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Disaster prevention

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the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Disaster mitigation

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measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resilient construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness.

Mitigation

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the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions

Disaster preparedness

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The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

Disaster response

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The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of
disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors, in accordance with the principle of “build back better”.

Disaster rehabilitation and recovery

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measures that ensure the ability of affected communities and/or areas to restore their normal level of function by rebuilding
livelihood and damaged infrastructure and increasing the communities’ organizational capacity.

Rehabilitation

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What thematic area does creating risk and hazard maps fall under?
A) Disaster Response
B) Disaster Preparedness
C) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
D) Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation

C) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

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Strengthening rescue operations is an example of which thematic area?
A) Disaster Response
B) Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation
C) Disaster Preparedness
D) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

A) Disaster Response

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Including Disaster Risk Reduction in school curricula is classified under which thematic area?
A) Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation
B) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
C) Disaster Preparedness
D) Disaster Response

B) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

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Designing and constructing resilient school buildings is part of which DRRM area?
A) Disaster Response
B) Disaster Preparedness
C) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
D) Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation

C) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

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A more efficient insurance system helps communities recover after disasters. What thematic area does this belong to?
A) Disaster Preparedness
B) Disaster Response
C) Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation
D) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

C) Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation

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Increasing community capacities in handling disasters is under which category?
A) Disaster Preparedness
B) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
C) Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation
D) Disaster Response

A) Disaster Preparedness

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“Is the Philippines at risk to earthquake-related
hazards?”

Yes, because it’s Located along the Pacific Ring of Fire, between two Tectonic plates (Eurasian and Pacific) volcanic and earthquake generators.

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The Philippine Archipelago occupies
the _______ ring of the Pacific Ocean
(_________ Segment of the Pacific
Ring of Fire),

Western

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It is calculated based on record of the earthquake. (seismograph).

It is represented by Arabic numbers
(ex. 4.8, 9.0)

MAGNITUDE

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is the strength of an earthquake as perceived and felt by people in a certain locality.

INTENSITY

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The intensity is generally higher near the epicenter.
It is represented by Roman Numerals (ex. II, IV, IX)

INTENSITY

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Who created the Richter Scale?

Charles Richter (1935)

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To quantify the amount of energy released by an earthquake, scientists used the?

Richter Scale

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___________ study earthquakes

Seismologists

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The seismograph record of waves is called a?

seismogram.

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Magnitudes what effect < 3.5?

Generally not felt

Magnitudes what effect <3.5-5.4?

Rarely causes damage.

Magnitudes what effect Under 6.0?

Slight damage to well-designed buildings.

Magnitudes: what effect 6.1-6.9?

Destructive to about 100 kilometers across

Magnitudes: What effect 7.0-7.9?

Major earthquake. Serious damage over larger areas.

Magnitudes: What effect 8.0 -10.0 ?

Great earthquake.

PEIS?

PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale

Scarcely Perceptible: Perceptible to people under favorable circumstances. Delicately balanced objects are disturbed slightly.

Intensity Scale: I

Slightly Felt: Felt by few individuals at rest indoors. Hanging objects swing slightly. Still Water in containers oscillates noticeably.

Intensity Scale: II

Weak: Felt by many people indoors especially in upper floors of buildings. Vibration is felt like one passing of a light truck. Dizziness and nausea are experienced by some people. Hanging objects swing moderately. Still water in containers oscillates moderately

Intensity Scale: III

Moderately Strong: Hanging objects swing considerably. Rumbling sound may sometimes be heard.

Intensity Scale: IV

Strong: Strong shaking and rocking felt throughout building. Hanging objects swing violently. Dining utensils clatter and clink; some are broken.

Intensity Scale: V

Very Strong: Some people lose their balance. motorists feel like driving in flat tires. Heavy objects or furniture move or may be shifted. Small church bells may ring.

Intensity Scale: VI

Destructive: Big church bells may ring. Old or poorly-built structures suffer considerably damage. Some well-built structures are slightly damaged.

Intensity Scale: VII

Very Destructive: People find it difficult to stand even outdoors. Many well-built buildings are considerably damaged. Concrete dikes and foundation of bridges are destroyed by ground settling or toppling. Railway tracks are bent or broken. Tombstones may be displaced, twisted or overturned.

Intensity Scale: VIII

Devastating: People are forcibly thrown to ground. Many cry and shake with fear. Most buildings are totally damaged. Bridges and elevated concrete structures are toppled or destroyed.

Intensity Scale: IX

Completely Devastating: Practically all man-made structures are destroyed. Massive landslides and liquefaction, large scale subsidence and uplifting of land forms and many ground fissures are observed.

Intensity Scale: X

The key to effective disaster prevention is?

planning

I. The key to effective disaster prevention is planning. II. Prepare your homes, workplace or schools. III. Familiarize yourself with the exit routes. IV. Know where fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms and communication facilities are located. Learn how to use them beforehand. V. Conduct and participate in regular earthquake drills

What to do BEFORE an earthquake

I. When you are INSIDE a structurally sound building or home… STAY there! Do the “Duck, Cover and Hold” II. If you’re OUTSIDE… move to an open area!

What to do DURING an earthquake?

I. Be prepared for aftershocks. Once the shaking stops, take the fastest and safest way out of the building. II. DON’T use elevators, enter damaged buildings, use telephone unless necessary and PANIC III. CHECK yourself and others for injuries, water and electrical lines for damages, for spills of chemical, toxic and flammable materials, and control fires which may spread IV. If you need to evacuate your residence, leave a message stating where you are going and bring your emergency supply kit V. Keep updated on disaster prevention instructions from battery-operated radios.

What to do AFTER an earthquake?

Ashfall Pyroclastic flows and surges Lahars Volcanic gases Debris avalanche Ballistic projectiles Tsunami Lava Flows

Volcano Hazards

are phenomena arising from volcanic activity that pose potential threat to persons or property in a given area within a given period of time

Volcanic Hazards

are showers of airborne fine- to coarse volcanic particles that fallout

tephra fall / ASHFALL

is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size or emplacement mechanism

Tephra

Volcanologists also refer to airborn fragments as?

pyroclasts

are turbulent mass of ejected fragmented volcanic materials (ash and rocks), mixed with hot gases(200oC to 700oC to as hot as 900oC) that flow downslope at very high speeds (>60kph).

Pyroclastic density current

are the more dilute, more mobile derivatives or pyroclastic flows.

Surges

rapid, gravity-driven mudflows or debris flows composed of water, volcanic ash, and rock fragments that originate from volcanoes, typically flowing down river valleys and causing significant damage and loss of life.

Lahars

-used in precise engineering methods of surveying

Electronic Distance Meter

-Deformation on ground is also measured using data of repeated measurements from permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) installed around the volcano.

Global Positioning System

are depressions or openings in the ground surface.

SINKHOLEs

They are common where the rock below the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock, salt beds?

SINKHOLE

occur in response to a variety of both natural and manmade triggering events, such as earthquakes, heavy rainfall, volcanic activity, or road and building construction.

Landslides

is generally used to describe the downward movement of earth materials driven by gravity.

LANDSLIDE

are abrupt movements of masses of geologic materials, such as rocks and boulders, that become detached from steep slopes or cliffs

FALL

involves forward rotation out of the slope of a mass of soil or rock a point below the center of gravity of displaced mass.

TOPPLE

movement parallel to planes of weakness and occasionally parallel to slope

SLIDE

may result from liquefaction or flow ( and extrusion) of the softer underlying material.

Spreads

is a mass of water and sand-sized particles that can flow very rapidly. Mudlflows are the sandy, more watery counterparts of debris flows.

MUDFLOW

What Causes Landslides?

Geology Morphology Human Activity

Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature Natural process, but involved with the atmosphere and/or hy

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD

is a branch of science that deals with the study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting.

Meteorology

is the study of water on the surface of land , in soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere, particularly with respect to evaporation and precipitation.

Hydrology

What is the study of the atmospheric and terrestrial phases of the hydrological cycle with emphasis on the interrelationship between them?

Hydrometeorology

1. Precipitation I. Cloud formation and type II. Rainfall III. Associated hazards 2. Formation of snow covered mountain tops (not applicable in the Philippines) 3. Melting of snow and ice (not applicable in the Philippines) 4. Interception of precipitation by vegetation cover 5. Storage in land surface depressions 6. Infiltration of water into soil 7. Evapotranspiration 8. Recharge of groundwater 9. River runoff

Hydrological cycle

are ubiquitous in our daily lives, so much so that most people don’t pay attention to them anymore

Clouds

a visible aggregate of small water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above earth’s surface and they form in the atmosphere as a result of condensation of water vapor rising from the surface.

cloud is

It refers to: rain producing clouds.

NIMBUS

It can cause thunderstorm

Cumulonimbus

It can produce continuous rain

Nimbostratus

How is rain measured?

rain gauge

Is the abnormal rise of water level in rivers, coastal areas, plains, and in highly urbanized centers

FLOODING

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Flashcards

(77 cards)