discourse

Question 1

code switching

Answer 1

alternating between two or more languages or dialects in a discourse

Question 2

factors contributing to coherence

Answer 2

• cohesion
• inference
• logical ordering
• formatting
• consistency and conventions

Question 3

factors that contribute to cohesion

Answer 3

• lexical choice: synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy and collocation
• information flow: clefting, front focus, end focus
• anaphoric and cataphoric reference
• deictics
• repetition
• ellipses
• substitution
• conjunctions and adverbials

Question 4

features of spoken discourse

Answer 4

• openings and closings
• adjacency pairs
• overlapping speech
• prosodic features
• interrogative tags
• discourse particles
• non-fluency features: pauses, voiced hesitations, false starts, repetition, repairs

Question 5

strategies of spoken discourse

Answer 5

• topic management: use of discourse particles, interrogatives (change topic), minimal responses, words from same semantic field (maintain topic)
• turn taking:
  > holding: intonation, conjunctions, filled pauses, temporal markers (firstly..secondly..)
  > passing: formulaic utterances, vocatives, interrogatives, falling intonation, discourse particles.
  > taking: discourse particles, overlapping speech
• minimal responses/back-channeling: ‘mmm’, ‘yeah’, laughter, ‘ok’