morphology & lexicology Flashcards
word classes
- noun
- verb
- auxiliary verb
- modal verb
- adjective
- adverb
- prepositions
- pronouns
- conjunctions (coordinating & subordinating)
- determiners
- interjections
function words
create grammatical & structural relationships
content words
carry meaning - nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
affixation
prefix, suffix, infix
inflectional and derivational morpheme
inflectional- do not change meaning or word class, only provide additional grammatical information such as plurality, possession or tense (eg. -s, -‘s, -ed)
derivational- change the meaning of words, create new words and can sometimes change the word class (eg. un-, dis-, -tion)
morphemes
root- base of a word
bound- cannot stand alone, must be attached to a free morpheme (-s)
free- considered words in their own right, make sense by themselves.
suffixation in australian english
- shortening words and adding suffixes (diminutives)
- marks our national identity and hints at traits such as playfulness, irreverence and anti-authoritarian
- helps indicate formality
word formation processes
- neologisms: newly coined words
- blends
- acronyms
- initialisms
- shortenings: ‘fridge,’ ‘gym’
- compounding: putting 2 free morphemes together, ‘blueberry’
- conversion of word class
- contractions
- collocations
- borrowing: words from other languages
- commonisation: words that began as proper nouns but are now common everday words, nown as eponyms ‘esky’, ‘google’
- archaism
morphological patterning
- conversion of word class
- creative word formation
lexical patterning
- simple: repetition of a word in its identical form or with simple changes, ‘sing’ and ‘sings’
- complex: involves words and any forms of them created through affixation, ‘category’ and ‘categorise’
lexical choice
- determined by factors such as situational and cultural context
