Discuss the United States* expansion westward and the concept of Manifest Destiny in the first half of the 19% century (1800-1850)

Question 1

Election of 1800

Answer 1

Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) defeated John Adams (Federalist) in the presidential election of 1800 by an electoral vote of seventy-three to sixty-five.

Question 2

Burr and Hamilton

Answer 2

After the election they had a fall out; had a duel (1804) because someone is insulting someone’s sense of honor, they would ask the person to the insult back, and if things escalated they would duel. Honor is more important then life. Burr kills Hamilton. Burr was wanted for 2nd degree murder in New Jersey and was hated for the rest of this life. He had to flee. He was gone for 25 years and came back to the US; of course, not New Jersey, he was tried for treason/ not guilty.

Question 3

Jefferson’s presidency (1801-1809)

Answer 3

Cuts government spending, he slashed government taxes, and cuts the whole military in half. Usually, government grows, and this is one of the only times it was cut. The military budget was only cut in half after the war. Jefferson used Hamiltons idea and leads to Louisiana purchaser

Question 4

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 4

Napoleon (1802): won a bunch of wars and eventuLly made himself emperor. He defeated Spain and made soaking give the French the Louisiana territory. Americans were scared of this since Spain was weak and they didn’t care about the land next to them ur now it’s Frances. Jefferson sends people to negotiate with Napoleon. Napoleon doesn’t care for the Louisiana territory, so he offers to sell it to the Americans. Jefferson ran into an issue since he couldn’t buy the land with constitutional power.

Question 5

Lewis and Clark (1803-1806)

Answer 5

Made lots of scientific discovers on the route. Sacojewa led them. Begging of the US

Question 6

Napoleonic empire

Answer 6

War of 1800-1815 (Unique) ; French Army= good on land; British Navy=good on water

Question 7

European war caused problems for the US

Answer 7

Trade: the US wanted to trade with both sides, but both sides didn’t wants to trade with the other side. The British and French said if you trade with the enemy we will stop and seize anything that could be used against them; everything. More problems with the british

Question 8

Impressment

Answer 8

American merchant ships were on the way to the French but the British stopped them and the British navy went aboard and seized citizens; if they couldn’t prove that you were American they would make u serve in the British navy

Question 9

The embargo, 1807

Answer 9

Jefferson stopped trade altogether with the British and French until they stopped seizing the American saviors and their ships; problem because no money was coming in. Not very effective

Question 10

President James Madison 1809-1817

Answer 10

Madison tries to fix things but is fooled by Napoleon and he now realizes it will only be fixed by going to war.

Question 11

War hawks: Henry clay and John C. Calhoun

Answer 11

They heavily pushed Madison to go to war for years. Formed a faction in congress called the War Hawks

Question 12

1814

Answer 12

Burning the White House: the British were no longer fighting the French so they were focused on the Americans, so they captured Washington DC and burned everything and killed many Americans; only win was the battle of McKinney

Question 13

Battle of new Orelands

Answer 13

It was fought after the war was officially ended; it was the biggest victory for the US but the British and Americans had already made peace in Britain; it was very ragtag army against an amazing British army

Question 14

Hartford convention

Answer 14

New England contemplates leaving the union. The federalists party thought they could use the war to rekindle the federal party. The remaining federalists decided to hold a federal convention, meeting before the battle of new orelans and the treaty of Ghent was signed

Question 15

James Madison (1817-1825)

Answer 15

He tried to fuse the 2 parties together.

Question 16

Panic of 1819

Answer 16

The economy started crashing, which was another factor of why Grants presidency was not good.

Question 17

Missouri Compromise 1820

Answer 17

They wanted the emission of The Hague Missouri to get into the US, it had to have 60,000 people. So they applied for statehood, it then went to congress, they clashed and then compromised. Finally Missouri became a slave state and Maine a free state, to keep keep the balance between free and slave states

Question 18

Election of 1824

Answer 18

No parties = chaos; every major political figure ran; it was chaos and they all won some states: it finally came down to Andrew Jackson VS J.Q. Adams. John Quincy Adams won the presidency in 1824: Jackson was mad and thought the who thing was corrupt. Adams then elected clay as Secretary of State Andrew Jackson was so mad. Jackson started running again and preparing for the election and started his on political party in 1828

Question 19

1828(parties reborn)

Answer 19

Jackson started the Democratic Party, this included John C. Calhoun (VP) and Martin Van Buren. Andrew Jackson when he was little got into duals and bar fights and went against the British when he was young. Nickname “Hero”

Question 20

1828: First modern election

Answer 20

Mud Sling: make malicious or scandalous allegations about an opponent with the aim of damaging their reputation. AJ was accused of murder and adultery;bigamist. JOA called a foreigner, corrupt, and even a pimp. Jackson won. Jacksons wife (Rachel) dies shortly after the election; a heart attack. He was gonna get revenge on political enemies because “it killed his wife”. AJs election and inauguration: spoils system; universal (white) manhood suffrage

Question 21

Jacksonian America

Answer 21

A movement for more democracy in American government in the 1830s. Led by President Andrew Jackson, this movement championed greater rights for the common man and was opposed to any signs of aristocracy in the nation.

Question 22

Trail of tears (1829-1831)

Answer 22

Cherokee and other southwest Indian tribes. Jackson hates Native Americans (very brutal), but he adopts a Native American child and send him to college. Through westward expansion, the US runs into NA tribes, and war breaks out, the US wins, and the NA are pushed west. The US wanted NA to assimilate into US values. The big push in Jackson’s presidency to remove NA. Good was found on Cherokee land. This isn’t good because thousands and thousands of Georgians moved onto their land to search for gold. Instead of going to eat the NA went to court and sued them. The Cherokee had a treaty with the US so they could keep their lands, this went all the way to the Supreme Court, and they won. Jackson disagreed with the Supreme Court since he wanted to get rid of the Cherokee and instead pushed the government to remove the NA, this is what led to the trail of tears. No supplies, money, organizations, to help. Forced NA to move to Oklahoma and hundreds died from lack of food, illnesses and exhaustion. They were at gun point and forced to move. Jackson didn’t care whether they lived or died. He was a very aggressive politician.

Question 23

John C. Calhoun(VP) and Martin Van Buren ( Sec. State)

Answer 23

John; South Carolina; kept at arms length by Jackson
Martin; New York; Heir apparent to Jackson, and was picked as a successor by Jackson

Question 24

Nullification (1832)

Answer 24

Calhoun argues for nullification stating that the states could nullify federal law. Jefferson made this as an ide, but South Carolina actually nullified the law. Tariff of abominations (1828); good for the North; Hurts the South. This makes goods more expensive. England got lots of cotton from the US, and they’re angry since there is a tarriff going into the US, England puts tariffs on cotton, and absolutely terrible for the south.

Question 25

John C. Calhoun “states can nullify federal law”

Answer 25

Wants to have more and more power. He only cared about slavery

Question 26

The great compromiser

Answer 26

Henry Clay; Jackson got congress to pass a law called Force Bill. Moved the federal government down to South Carolina to enforce Tariff. Carolinians back down by lowering tariffs and passing force bills; settled North and South

Question 27

Jackson Vs. The Bank

Answer 27

Jackson wants to eliminate the BUS. Take the governments money out of the bank. Jackson loathed the bank and all banks, thought they were cheating you. Jackson vetoed the law extending the banks life but wanted it gone now instead of 5 years from then, so he planned to bankrupt the bank. He wanted to take all the governments money out of the bank. He fires his 1st and 2nd secretaries because they wouldn’t take the money out of the bank for him. But the 3rd guy did. This causes the economy of the US very shakey. He put the governments money into state banks run by democrats. They put all their banks money into lots of land, hoping the land would do up in price. Sometimes it worked and sometimes it crashed losing tons of government money.

Question 28

Causes a panic - 1837

Answer 28

Henry clay and the Whigs: new political party; called themselves the whigs because they opposed “king” andrew. They wanted to be a national party. They did not oppose slavery but didn’t support it either. This didn’t last long only 20 years. They wanted votes from everyone.

Question 29

1836

Answer 29

Jackson picks his successor: Martin Van Buren

Question 30

Election of 1840

Answer 30

Whigs: William Hebert Harrison and John Tyler win their first election, they don’t take. Position on slavery and every time they elect a president, they die. They like the idea of Manifest Destiny. Tyler starts the process of the manifest destiny.

Question 31

“Settling” Texas

Answer 31

1821: Mexican Independence from Spain
1830: 20000 Mercian’s and 1000 slavers in Texas. Most settlers brought slaves with them because they were from the south. SFA was in charge of getting Americans to settle in Texas

Question 32

Santa Anna

Answer 32

1834: Dictators
1836: Texas declares independence/ attack on the Alamo

Question 33

Texas victory

Answer 33

The general who defeated Santa Anna (Sam Houston) made his draw up a peace treaty and give the new border of the Rio grande. Texas voted to join the USA immediately in 1836, but the US refuses. Texas grows from 40k to 150k from 1836-1845z president tyler wants Texas

Question 34

Polk and Oregon

Answer 34

1844: things started to change. Texas became a big issue for the election. Dem. In favor of Texas. Whig was not. Whig is now flipping his position and says he wants Texas in the election which backfires because he looks like he is being fake.

Question 35

James K. Polk (1844-1848) democrat

Answer 35

Oregon question: “52-40 or Fight” he sent notes to the Brit’s that is Oregon wasn’t handed over, he would go to war with Brits. British gave in at the 40th panel.

Question 36

War with Mexico

Answer 36

By 1845 Mexico was a part of the US. Mexico said the border was still Nueces River and Texas said no it’s the Rio Grande and then the war started. General Zachary Taylor’s “old rough and ready”. War breaks out. Polk asked congress to go to war because Mexican soldiers had just killed Americans on American soil. The war went well for Americans because Mexican troops weren’t to good. Anti war settlement. People who didn’t want Texas or expand (northerners, Whigs) didn’t want to go to war.

Question 37

Weinfeild Scott: “fuss and feathers”

Answer 37

Replaced Zach Taylor because he was too good of a general. They then invaded Mexico and defeated them.

Question 38

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 38

US gets TX, NM, CA. They pay Mexico $18 million. Problems with an accusation of new territory, slavery might expand into. 1849: gold rush