Discuss the evolution of American politics from 1815-1836. Flashcards
James Monroe served 1817-1825
He tried to fuse the 2 parties together.
Panic of 1819
The economy started crashing, which was another factor of why Grants presidency was not good.
Missouri Compromise 1820
They wanted the emission of The Hague Missouri to get into the US, it had to have 60,000 people. So they applied for statehood, it then went to congress, they clashed and then compromised. Finally Missouri became a slave state and Maine a free state, to keep keep the balance between free and slave states
Election of 1824
No parties = chaos; every major political figure ran; it was chaos and they all won some states: it finally came down to Andrew Jackson VS J.Q. Adams. John Quincy Adams won the presidency in 1824: Jackson was mad and thought the who thing was corrupt. Adams then elected clay as Secretary of State Andrew Jackson was so mad. Jackson started running again and preparing for the election and started his on political party in 1828
1828 (parties reborn)
Jackson started the Democratic Party, this included John C. Calhoun (VP) and Martin Van Buren. Andrew Jackson when he was little got into duals and bar fights and went against the British when he was young. Nickname “Hero”
1828: first modern election
Mud Sling: make malicious or scandalous allegations about an opponent with the aim of damaging their reputation. AJ was accused of murder and adultery;bigamist. JOA called a foreigner, corrupt, and even a pimp. Jackson won. Jacksons wife (Rachel) dies shortly after the election; a heart attack. He was gonna get revenge on political enemies because “it killed his wife”. AJs election and inauguration: spoils system; universal (white) manhood suffrage
Jacksonian American
A movement for more democracy in American government in the 1830s. Led by President Andrew Jackson, this movement championed greater rights for the common man and was opposed to any signs of aristocracy in the nation.
Trail of tears 1829-1831
Cherokee and other southwest Indian tribes. Jackson hates Native Americans (very brutal), but he adopts a Native American child and send him to college. Through westward expansion, the US runs into NA tribes, and war breaks out, the US wins, and the NA are pushed west. The US wanted NA to assimilate into US values. The big push in Jackson’s presidency to remove NA. Good was found on Cherokee land. This isn’t good because thousands and thousands of Georgians moved onto their land to search for gold. Instead of going to eat the NA went to court and sued them. The Cherokee had a treaty with the US so they could keep their lands, this went all the way to the Supreme Court, and they won. Jackson disagreed with the Supreme Court since he wanted to get rid of the Cherokee and instead pushed the government to remove the NA, this is what led to the trail of tears. No supplies, money, organizations, to help. Forced NA to move to Oklahoma and hundreds died from lack of food, illnesses and exhaustion. They were at gun point and forced to move. Jackson didn’t care whether they lived or died. He was a very aggressive politician.
John C. Calhoun (VP) and Martin Van Buren (Sec. State)
John; South Carolina; kept at arms length by Jackson
Martin; New York; Heir apparent to Jackson, and was picked as a successor by Jackson
Nullification (1832)
Calhoun argues for nullification stating that the states could nullify federal law. Jefferson made this as an ide, but South Carolina actually nullified the law. Tariff of abominations (1828); good for the North; Hurts the South. This makes goods more expensive. England got lots of cotton from the US, and they’re angry since there is a tarriff going into the US, England puts tariffs on cotton, and absolutely terrible for the south.
John C. Calhoun “states can nullify federal law”
Wants to have more and more power; he only cared about slavery
The great compromiser
Henry Clay; Jackson got congress to pass a law called Force Bill. Moved the federal government down to South Carolina to enforce Tariff. Carolinians back down by lowering tariffs and passing force bills; settled North and South
Jackson Vs. The bank
Jackson wants to eliminate the BUS. Take the governments money out of the bank. Jackson loathed the bank and all banks, thought they were cheating you. Jackson vetoed the law extending the banks life but wanted it gone now instead of 5 years from then, so he planned to bankrupt the bank. He wanted to take all the governments money out of the bank. He fires his 1st and 2nd secretaries because they wouldn’t take the money out of the bank for him. But the 3rd guy did. This causes the economy of the US very shakey. He put the governments money into state banks run by democrats. They put all their banks money into lots of land, hoping the land would do up in price. Sometimes it worked and sometimes it crashed losing tons of government money.
Causes a panic - 1837
Henry clay and the Whigs: new political party; called themselves the whigs because they opposed “king” andrew. They wanted to be a national party. They did not oppose slavery but didn’t support it either. This didn’t last long only 20 years. They wanted votes from everyone.
