Discussion 2 Notes

Question 1

______________ greater length change, force remains the same

Answer 1

sarcomere in series

Question 2

__________________ greater force production. Length change is only 20nm

Answer 2

sarcomere in parallel

Question 3

_______________is the change in length of 1 sarcomere in series

Answer 3

20 nm

Question 4

___________ is a function of the number of working cross bridges per half sarcomere.

Answer 4

force

Question 5

How can you create more force

Answer 5

more overlap, More cross bridges, more force produced

Question 6

what are the 3 ways to generate force

Answer 6

• optimize sarcomere length
• Increa Ca2+ via neural input
• Increase sarcomeres or muscle in parallel

Question 7

Chad wants to get big and lift heavy he should

Answer 7

get more sarcomeres in parallel

Question 8

Chad does not want to wait long what should

Answer 8

• optimize sarcomere length

- modify neural input

Question 9

________ is determined by muscle stiffness.

Answer 9

passive tension

Question 10

passive tension is a resistance to _________________ in structure

Answer 10

deformation or conformational change

Question 11

passive tension increase as we pass ________________

Answer 11

resting length of sarcomeres (2.1 μm)

Question 12

What is the extracellular component of muscle stiffness

Answer 12

collagen

Question 13

what is the intracellular component of stiffness

Answer 13

titan

Question 14

titan Spans

Answer 14

whole half of sarcomere

Question 15

Length tension curve:

V max for muscle unload muscle until

Answer 15

3.6 μm

Question 16

Length tension curve

velocity decreases as you increase the

Answer 16

after load

• weight is opposing the force produced by cross bridges
• velocity when after load is f max-1.6 max
• negative velocity in the opposite direction you want (muscle lengthening)

Question 17

Velocity decreases as you increase

Answer 17

muscle length because longer muscle from Manuel stretching and less cross bridges are available

Question 18

what Are the 3 types of contraction

Answer 18

• concentric
• Isometric
• eccentric

Question 19

_____________ a muscle shortens while contracting (+v)

Answer 19

concentric

Question 20

_____________ a muscle doesn’t change length while contracting (v-=0)

Answer 20

isometric

Question 21

__________ muscle lengthens while contracting (-v)

Answer 21

eccentric

Question 22

_________________ process of electrical stimulation (AP) initiation muscle contraction via triggering of intracellular Ca 2++ release

Answer 22

excitation of contraction coupling (ECC)

Question 23

Where is excitation of contraction coupling initiated

Answer 23

at neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

Question 24

______________ is the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber

Answer 24

sarcolemma

Question 25

what covers the sarcolemma

Answer 25

basement membrane

Question 26

___________ is a NMJ receptor on muscle fiber membrane that is a ligand gated NA channel

Answer 26

ACHR

Question 27

_____________ are NMJ receptors located all over sarcolemma

Answer 27

violtage gattet sodium channels

Question 28

___________________ on sarcolemma basement membrane. Breaks down acetylcholine to stop exciting muscles

Answer 28

ACHE

Question 29

___________ specializations in my-fiber membrane (sarcolemma) to rapidly propagate Ca 2+.

Answer 29

T tubules

Question 30

T tubules wrap around what

Answer 30

the myofibrils

Question 31

____________ is rich in CA2+ storage.

Answer 31

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 32

How is calcium let out of the SR

Answer 32

RYR receptors

Question 33

SR uses _________ on its membrane to pump calcium against its concentration gradient

Answer 33

calcium pump

Question 34

__________ link the T tubules and the SR

Answer 34

feet link

Question 35

What is involved in bringing calcium from T tubules to VG ca channels

Answer 35

DHP R

Question 36

What is involved in bringing calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the calcium gated channels

Answer 36

RYR receptors

Question 37

what are the steps of the excitation event

Answer 37

1. depolarize NMJ via presynaptic signal 2. synaptic Ach vesicle five with presumaptic membrane and can release ACH 3. ACh binds to AchR 4. AchR opens to let the NA center muscle fibers. Ache hydrolyze Ach after it bound to close ACHR and stop NA flow 5. T tubule depolarizes 6. DHPR opens which mechanically opens RYR 7. Calcium release from SR 8. Calcium Pump is maintained 9. muscle contracts

Question 38

__________ G actin, troponin, tropomyosin

Answer 38

Thin filament

Question 39

____________ mhc, mlc

Answer 39

thick filament

Question 40

_________ binds ot calcium

Answer 40

TNC

Question 41

____________ inhibits binding of MHC

Answer 41

TnI

Question 42

__________ binds tropomyosin

Answer 42

TnT

Question 43

Ca and cross bridge explained

Answer 43

- Ca binds to TNC - TNC has conformation, rolls troponin complex toward groove by G actins - binding site MHC head is exposed, mhc head bi ending to G actin. This is amplified Ca2+ binding - by moving, troponin complex. More of 1 tropmysin to exposed 7G actin this amplified CA 2+ binding - Increasing frequency of depolarization

Question 44

____________ phosphatecronin PG gives up high energy bond to make ATp \. Catalyzed by creatine phosphokinase , can be rephosphorylated, good for abrupt intense work

Answer 44

high energy phosphate system

Question 45

aerobic metabolism.

Answer 45

Glycolysis. Breakdown of glucose in glycogen form to produce ATP. Last no O2 and low yield 2ATP rapidly repeated

Question 46

aerobic metabolism

Answer 46

-slow requires o2. high yield, 3 Atp | good for endurance