Disease

Question 1

Addiction (drugs)

Answer 1

Dependency, significant change of behaviour in order to continue taking a drug.

Question 2

Antibiotic

Answer 2

Drug that kills or prevents growth of bacteria.

Question 3

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 3

When bacteria are not killed by antibiotic.

Question 4

Antibody

Answer 4

Protein made by white blood cells when antigen detected.

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

Molecule on the surface of a cell that triggers white blood cells to produce antibodies.

Question 6

Antitoxin

Answer 6

Protein made by white blood cells to counter harmful chemicals produced by bacteria.

Question 7

Blood cholesterol level

Answer 7

Level of cholesterol (a fatty substance) in the blood.

Question 8

Cardiovascular disease

Answer 8

Illnesses due to damaged heart blood vessels, often a build up of fatty deposits.

Question 9

Clinical trial

Answer 9

A set of drug tests on human volunteers.

Question 10

Communicable disease

Answer 10

Harmful microorganisms passed between individuals.

Question 11

Coronary heart disease

Answer 11

Fatty deposits build up and block heart arteries.

Question 12

Deficiency disease

Answer 12

A disease caused by a lack of a certain nutrient in the diet, e.g. a vitamin or a mineral.

Question 13

Double-blind trial

Answer 13

Clinical trial where neither doctors nor patients know who has received the drug and who the placebo.

Question 14

Drug

Answer 14

Substance that alters the chemical reactions in your body.

Question 15

Epidemic

Answer 15

Big outbreak of disease.

Question 16

Excretion

Answer 16

Removal of waste products from the body.

Question 17

Hard drug

Answer 17

Drug that is believed to cause serious addiction, more harmful to a person’s health than a soft drug.

Question 18

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 18

Virus that attacks immune system, causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Question 19

Hybridoma

Answer 19

Mouse injected with antigens in order to farm large amounts of identical (monoclonal) antibodies.

Question 20

Immunity

Answer 20

Ability of the white blood cells to respond quickly to a pathogen.

Question 21

Infectious disease

Answer 21

Disease caused by a pathogen.

Question 22

Malaria

Answer 22

Tropical disease spread by mosquitoes, protist microorganism.

Question 23

Measles

Answer 23

Disease that causes fever and skin rash, virus microorganism.

Question 24

MMR vaccine

Answer 24

Vaccination against the diseases measles, mumps and rubella.

Question 25

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 25

Identical antibodies, see hybridoma.

Question 26

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Answer 26

Strain of bacteria that is not affected by powerful antibiotic methicillin.

Question 27

Non-communicable disease

Answer 27

Disease that cannot spread between individuals in a species.

Question 28

Obesity

Answer 28

Condition defined as being 20% or more over the maximum recommended body mass.

Question 29

Optimum dose (in drug testing)

Answer 29

Dose of a drug that is most effective and has few side effects.

Question 30

Optimum level (in the body)

Answer 30

Quantity that is most effective.

Question 31

Painkiller

Answer 31

Drug that reduces pain.

Question 32

Pandemic

Answer 32

Worldwide outbreak of a disease.

Question 33

Pathogen

Answer 33

Harmful microorganism that causes disease, e.g. a bacterium or virus.

Question 34

Penicillin

Answer 34

Type of antibiotic.

Question 35

Performance-enhancing drug

Answer 35

Drug that can improve strength, speed, stamina in sport.

Question 36

Phagocytosis

Answer 36

White blood cells engulf invading cells and digest them.

Question 37

Placebo (in drug testing)

Answer 37

Substance like drug being tested but does not do anything.

Question 38

Preclinical trial

Answer 38

Drug test on human cells or animals, before human trials.

Question 39

Protist

Answer 39

Eukaryotic organism, bad pathogens in malaria, good organisms in sewage plants.

Question 40

Recreational drug

Answer 40

Drug used for fun, e.g. alcohol, cannabis.

Question 41

Rose black spot

Answer 41

Fungus on leaves of rose plants.

Question 42

Salmonella

Answer 42

Bacteria, causes food poisoning.

Question 43

Soft drug

Answer 43

Drug believed to be less addictive and less harmful to a person's health than a hard drug.

Question 44

Statins

Answer 44

Group of medicinal drugs used to decrease risk of heart and circulatory disease.

Question 45

Stent

Answer 45

Wire mesh tube used to keep arteries open.

Question 46

Sterilisation

Answer 46

Process of destroying microorganisms (such as bacteria) on an object.

Question 47

Thalidomide

Answer 47

Drug developed in the 1950s, harmed babies when used to relieve morning sickness in pregnant women.

Question 48

Tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 48

Disease affecting plants, causes pattern on leaves.

Question 49

Toxicity

Answer 49

How harmful something is, such as a drug.

Question 50

Toxin

Answer 50

Poison, often produced by bacteria.

Question 51

Tumour

Answer 51

Growth of abnormal mutated cells.

Question 52

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 52

Lifelong disease where pancreas makes little or no insulin, allows blood sugar levels to be too high.

Question 53

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 53

Curable condition in which body is unable to control blood sugar level, linked to poor diet and lack of exercise.

Question 54

Vaccination

Answer 54

Injection of dead or inactive microorganisms to provide immunity against a particular pathogen.

Question 55

Virus

Answer 55

Disease-causing agent, about 1/100th of the size of a bacterial cell, only replicates within host body cells.

Question 56

Withdrawal symptom

Answer 56

Symptom such as headache, vomiting, caused by not taking addictive drug.