Disease And Conditions Flashcards

(26 cards)

1
Q

Disease Focus
Female reproductive disorders may be caused by infection, injury, or hormonal dysfunction. Although some disorders may be mild and correct themselves over time, others, such as those caused by infection, may require medical attention. Pain, itching, lesions, and discharge are signs and symptoms commonly associated with sexually transmitted diseases and must not be ignored. Other common problems of the female reproductive system are related to hormonal dysfunction that may cause menstrual disorders. As a preventive measure, a woman should undergo pelvic examination regularly throughout life. This diagnostic procedure helps identify many pelvic abnormalities and diseases. ____logical and ____logical specimens are usually obtained at the time of examination.

A

Cyto
Bacterio

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2
Q

_________(_ _ _) is the branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the female reproductive organs and breasts. ______ics (__) is the branch of medicine that manages the health of a woman and her fetus during pregnancy and childbirth. It also includes the _____perium, which is the period of adjustment after childbirth during which the reproductive organs of the mother return to their normal, nonpregnant state. Generally, this period lasts___ weeks and ends with the first ovulation and the return of normal menstruation. Because of the obvious overlap between gynecology and obstetrics, many practices include both specialties. The physician who simultaneously practices these specialties is called an obstetrician/gynecologist (___/GYN).

A

Gynecology
GYN
Obsteter
OB
Puer
6-8
OB

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3
Q

_____is the presence of functional endometrial tissue in areas outside the uterus. (See Fig. 12-6.) The endometrial tissue develops into what are called ____nts,____, or growths and can cause pain,___, and other problems. The ectopic tissue is usually confined to the pelvic area but may appear anywhere in the abdominopelvic cavity. Like normal endometrial tissue, the ectopic endometrium responds to the hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle.

A

Endometriosis
Impla
lesions infertility

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4
Q

(PID) is a general term for inflammation of the uterus fallopian tubes, ovaries, and adjacent pelvic structures. It is usually caused by bacterial infection, but other organisms may be implicated. These disease-producing organisms (pathogens) generally enter through the vagina during sex____, induced abortion, childbirth, or the postpartum period. As an ascending infection, the pathogens spread from the vagina and cervix to the upper structures of the female reproductive tract. Untreated ____rrhea and _____ia cause about 90% of all cases of PID. Other causes include abortion, childbirth, and pelvic procedures. The symptoms of PID can vary and may include lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, fever, nausea, and vomiting. If diagnosed at an early stage, PID can be treated easily and effectively with antibiotics. If left untreated, it can lead to more serious, long-term complications.

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Coitus
Gono
Chlamyd

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5
Q

Oncology
The two most common forms of cancer (CA) involving the female reproductive system are _____ and ____ cancer.
Breast Cancer, also called carcinoma of the breast, is the most common malignancy of women in the United States. This disease appears to be associated with___ hormonal function. In addition, a diet high in___ appears to increase the incidence of breast cancer. Other factors include family history of the disease and, possibly, hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Women who have never had children (_____) or those who have had an early onset of the first menstrual period (___) or late onset of_____ are more likely to develop breast cancer. Because this type of malignancy is highly responsive to treatment when detected early, women are urged to practice breast self-examination monthly and to receive periodic ___grams after age__. Many breast malignancies are detected by the patient.

A

Breast
Cervical
ovarian
fats
nulliparous Menarche menopause mammo
40

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6
Q

Cancer of the cervix most commonly affects women between ages _____. Statistics indicate that infection associated with____ activity has some relationship to the incidence of cervical cancer. First___ at a young age, a large number of sex partners, infection with certain sexually transmitted
___, and____ intercourse with men whose previous partners had cervical cancer are all associated with increased risk of developing cervical cancer. The Pap test, a ____logical examination, can detect cervical cancer before the disease becomes clinically evident. Abnormal cervical cytology routinely calls for colposcopy, which can detect the presence and extent of pre_____ lesions requiring biopsy and ____ological examination. Treatment of cervical cancer consists of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. If left untreated, the cancer will eventually___ and lead to death.

A

40-49
sexual
coitus
viruses frequent
cyto
Clinical
Hist
Metastasize

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7
Q

Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina

A

atresia
ă-TRĒ-zē-ă

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8
Q

Malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an_____ pregnancy
Although its actual cause is unknown, ____carcinoma is a rare tumor that may occur after pregnancy or____.

A

ectopic choriocarcinoma
abortion
chori/o: chorion-outermost membrane of the amniotic sac
carcin: cancer
-oma: tumo

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9
Q

Occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse

A

dyspareunia
dĭs-pă-RŪ-nē-ă

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10
Q

Inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri
_____is usually chronic, commonly as a result of infection, and accompanied by cervical_____.

A

endocervicitis
Erosion
endo-: in, within
cervic: neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)
-itis: inflammation

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11
Q

Abnormal condition in the menstrual cycle; also called_____ uterine bleeding (DUB)
Menstrual irregularities can be caused by a variety of conditions, including pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, infections, malignancies, diseases, trauma, and certain medications.

A

menstrual disorders
Dysfunctional
menstru/o: monthly discharge of blood
-al: pertaining to

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12
Q

Absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
Normal causes of ______rrhea include pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding). Outside of reproductive years, absence of menses occurs during childhood and after menopause.

A

ameno
ă-mĕn-ō-RĒ-ă
a-: without, not
men/o: menses; menstruation
-rrhea: discharge, flow

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13
Q

Cramps or painful menstruation
________rrhea includes menstrual periods that are accompanied by sharp, intermittent pain or dull, aching pain—usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen.

A

dysmeno
dĭs-mĕn-ō-RĒ-ă
dys-: bad; painful; difficult
men/o: menses; menstruation
-rrhea: discharge, flow

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14
Q

Abnormally heavy, prolonged menstrual period.
In early life ____ may be caused by___ disturbances; in later life, it is usually a result of inflammatory diseases, ___oids, tumors, or____ disturbances.

A

menorrhagia endocrine
Fibr
emotional
men/o: menses; menstruation
-rrhagia: bursting forth (of)

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15
Q

Irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause
_____rrhagia is usually symptomatic of disease, including benign or malignant uterine tumors. It is considered one of the most serious menstrual disorders. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment are warranted.

A

metro
metr/o: uterus (uterus); measure
-rrhagia: bursting forth (of)

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16
Q

Abnormally light or infrequent menstrual periods
Causes of _____menorrhea include a side effect of birth control pills, hormonal imbalances, excessive exercise, and ovarian____.

A

Oligo
Cysts
olig/o: scanty,few

men/o: menses, menstruation
-rrhea: discharge, flow

17
Q

Symptoms that occur between ovulation and the onset of menstruation
PMS symptoms include such physical symptoms as breast tenderness, back pain, abdominal cramps, headache, and changes in appetite and the psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, and unrest.

A

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
prē-MĔN-stroo-ăl SĬN-drōm

18
Q

Inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female

A

sterility
ster-ĬL-ĭ-tē

19
Q

Benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus; also called ____myomas, myomas, or fibroids Myomectomy or hysterectomy may be indicated if the fibroids grow too large, causing such symptoms as _____rrhagia
(Intermenstrual bleeding) , pelvic pain, and ____rrhagia(heavy menstrual bleeding).

A

uterine fibroids
Leio(smooth)
metro
meno
broyds
fibr: fiber, fibrous tissue
-oids: resembling

20
Q

Obstetrics

Termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving on its own
Abortions are spontaneous or induced (____). A spontaneous abortion occurs without any apparent cause and is also called a miscarriage. A woman undergoes an induced abortion when she elects to end pregnancy because her health is endangered (___abortion) or for some other personal reason

A

abortion (AB)
deliberate therapeutic

21
Q

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the____ stage of labor; also called placental abruption
Abrupt___placent___ results in uterine hemo____ and threatens the life of the mother. It also disrupts blood flow and oxygen through the umbilical cord and threatens the life of the fetus

A

3
io , ae
rrhage Abruptio
placentae
ă-BRŪP-shē-ō plă-SĔN-tē

22
Q

Common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head

A

breech presentation

23
Q

Genetic condition in which there is an extra copy of chromosome___ (____omy), _____is a

Condition altering physical and mental development of the child; also called___ 21 Symptoms vary and can range from mild to severe. However, children with ____have a widely recognized appearance.

A

21 , tris
Down syndrome
Trisome
DOWN SĬN-drōm

24
Q

Most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
Signs of it include high blood pressure, edema, ____ions, renal dysfunction, protein____, and in severe cases, coma.

A

eclampsia
Convuls
Urea
ĕ-KLĂMP-sē-ă

25
Pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity Types of ectopic pregnancy include abdominal pregnancy, ovarian pregnancy, and tubal pregnancy. (See Fig. 12-7.)
ectopic pregnancy ĕk-TŎP-ĭk PRĔG-năn-sē
26
Obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal and that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates Placenta_____ is a leading cause of vaginal bleeding (spotting) that may lead to other complications. It may also necessitate a cesarean delivery.
previa plă-SĔN-tă PRĔ-vē-ă