Disease-Chapter 10- Fungi Flashcards by Taylor West

Steps to infection of fungi

entry

rarely cause disease in healthy immunocompotent hosts; disease occurs when fungi accidentally penetrate barriers or when immunologic defects conditions exist that favor fungal entry and growth

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steps to infection of fungi

adaptation and propagation

fungi develop both virulence mechanisms( capsule and ability to grow at 37C) and morphologic forms that facilitate multiplication with in the host

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Steps to infection of fungi

dissemination

indicates a breach or deficiency of host defenses (immune disorders)

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Host factors of fungi

good immune system have high resistance to fungi, based primarily upon cutaneous and mucosal physical barriers
severity of disease depends on inoculum, magnitude of tissue distraction, ability of fungus to multiply in the tissue, immune status of host

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Coccidiodomycosis (Valley Fever)

internal disease no human to human transmission
soil- moist to dry
central and south america- us (cali- southern texas)
valleys dry out during dry months- windy breathe in sports
most people aysmptomatic

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coccidiodomycosis

primary

immediate
acute respiratory disease
incubation 1-4 weeks

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coccidiodomycosis

progressive

chronic sometimes fatal
dark skinned men, prego women, immunocompromised individuals
non communicable
one attack infers life long immunity

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coccidiodomycosis

transmission

spore inhalation

dry weather, sparse foilage, high winds

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coccidiodomycosis

symptoms- primary

asymptomatic
flulike illness
5% develop tender red nodules on shins adn present with ankle and knee pain

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coccidiodomycosis

progressive

fever
abscesses
fatal 60%

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coccidiodomycosis

treatment

acute- heal yourself
bed rest and relief of symptoms
antifungal agents (oral)

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coccidiodomycosis

prevention and control

dust control, masks
skin testing
wet down dry areas

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Histoplasmosis (Spleunker’s Disease)

found in bat crap (guano) histoplasma capsulatum

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Histoplasmosis

transmission

bird and bat feces
inhalation of spores from soil
incubation 5-18 days
non communicable
reinfection is possible

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Histoplasmosis

symptoms

usually asymptomatic

4 presentations- primary acute, acute disseminated, chronic disseminated, chronic pulmonary

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Histoplasmosis

primary acute

day/ week
flu like symptoms
scattered nodules in lung, lymph nodes, spleen

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Histoplasmosis

acute disseminated

enlarged liver and spleen
swollen lymph nodes, fever, prostration
can be fatal
spreads quickly

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prostration

cranial nerve, innovated muscles turned off, lying down, no involuntary muscles

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Histoplasmosis

chronic disseminated

variable, depends on where fungus is
fever, anemia, hepatitis, endocarditis, meningitis, ulcers of mouth, larynx, stomach or bowel, infection of adrenal glands
fatal
organs can lose ability to fctn

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Histoplasmosis

chronic pulmonary

just lungs
mimics tuberculosis
productive cough, breathing difficulties, weight loss, weakness, cyanosis

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cyanosis

bluing fo extremities

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Histoplasmosis

treatment

primary acute requires no treatment
acute and chronic disseminated- 10wk antifungal therapy with amphotericin B or ketoconazof
chronic pulmonary- spontaneous remisison 1-3 weeks

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Histoplasmosis

prevention and control

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protective masks

candidiasis (moniliasis, thrush)

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candida albicans- natural inhabitant of human body

occurs in babies, the mouth, vulvovaginal area

candidiasis | transmission

secretions or execretions- birth canal, sexual intercourse | communicable when lesions are present- noncommunicable if lesions are dry/ treated

candidiasis symptoms skin

most common in infants scaly, red, papular rash diaper rash

candidiasis symptoms mouth (thrush)

cream- colored patches on the tongue, mouth, pharynx burning sensation in adults swelling in infants

candidiasis symptoms vulvovaginal (moniliasis)

vaginitis cheesy itchy discharge white patches

candidiasis | symptoms

can also infect kidneys, lungs, brain, endocardium, esophagus, nails, or eyes systemic infeciton

candidiasis | treatment

OTC antifungal drugs antifungal mouthwash antifungal foams

candidiasis | prevention and control

treatment can prevent thrush in a newborn | partner treatment

deratophytoses (tinea)

incubation 10-14 days | communicable if lesion are present

deratophytoses | tinea barbae

men's beard area | bacterial folliculitis- ingrown hairs

deratophytoses | tinea capitis

school aged children | overcrowding

deratophytoses | transmission

direct or indirect contact | pets, fomites

deratophytoses | symptoms

small papules that speed brittle hair leading to permanent baldness mousy odor

deratophytoses | treatment

oral antifungal drugs for at least four weeks | antibiotics for second bacterial infection

deratophytoses | prevention/ control

infected areas should be washed daily and possibly covered

deratophytoses tinea corporis

humans, animal, soil, ring worm

deratophytoses tinea cruris

more common in men, jock itch | incubation 4-10 days, communicable if lessions are present

deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis | transmission

indirect or direct contact | floors, shower stalls, benches

deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis | symptoms

red scaly patches at first eventually ringworm itching

deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis | treatment

thorough frequent bathing fungicidal ointment oral fungicide

deratophytoses tinea cruris/ corporis | prevention/ control

frequent washing with fungicidal agent | limit infected individuals

dermatophytoses tinea pedis

athlete's foot | most common fungal skin disease

dermatophytoses tinea pedis | transmission

indirect/ direct contact

dermatophytoses tinea pedis | symptoms

scaling, cracking between toes watery blisters itching

dermatophytoses tinea pedis | treatment

fungicide application dry environment exposure to air

dermatophytoses tinea pedis | prevention and control

special attention to drying in between toes facilities disinfected boil or throw away socks shoes

dematophytoses tinea manuum

infection of hands itchiness and lessions athletes hand

dematophytoses tinea ungium

finger nails or toenails

dematophytoses tinea ungium | transmission

direct contract with infected skin or nails

dematophytoses tinea ungium | symptoms

nails thicken and discolor cheesy looking material under the nail chalky

dematophytoses tinea ungium | treatment

griseofulvin (oral) until nails grow out

dematophytoses tinea ungium | prevention/ control

same as athletes foot

Disease-Chapter 10- Fungi Flashcards

(55 cards)