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Disease (HTH 330) > Disease-Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Disease-Chapter 9 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis, Polio)

A

Dr. Jonas Salk- developed first vaccine for polio
Dr. Albert Sabin six years later developed second vaccine which replaced Salk vaccine
North and South America were certified free from illness in 1994
Sabin- oral medication

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2
Q

Polio
Transmission
Symptoms

A

transmitted by poliomyelitis virus
direct contact
respiratory secretions mainly
also by fecal oral route in areas with poor sanitation

Symptoms- asymptomatic 90%
minor illness 5% fever headache, malaise, sore throat, vomit (digestive symptoms)
nonparalytic 1-2% back pain and muscle spasms
paralytic .1-2% experience spinal or cranial paralysis

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3
Q

Polio
Treatment
Prevention/Control

A

analgesics for pain relief, physical therapy for muscle atrophy, no cure

prevention- immunization
treatment for those infected

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4
Q

Hepatitis A

A 
infectious hepatitis
A=acute
inflammation of liver
most common
very communicable
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5
Q

Hepatitis A

Transmission

A

shellfish from contaminated water
found in feces of infected persons (poor hygiene food handling)
incubation 28-30 days

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6
Q

Hepatitis A

Symptoms

A

sudden fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal discomfort, digestive problems in general
possible jaundice in adults after initial symptoms
severity increases with age

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7
Q

Hepatitis A
Treatment

Prevention/ Control

A

no treatment

can cure infection with immune system support

prevention- shellfish cooked at high heat
sanitation and personal hygiene

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8
Q

Hepatitis B

A

B=Blood
serum hepatitis
slower/ milder onset
incubation 60-90 days

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9
Q

Hepatitis B

Transmission

A

blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluids, contaminated needles, syringes, sexual intercourse

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10
Q

Hepatitis B

Symptoms

A

Vague abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting

rash, jaundice, higher mortality than type A

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11
Q

Hepatitis B

Treatment

A

monitor fluid levels, bed rest

severe cases: Interferon (prtn help rebuild work in blood bloodstream)

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12
Q

Hepatitis B

Prevention/Control

A

vaccines

recommended for all newborns

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13
Q

Hepatitis C

A 
not acute after incubation
c= chronic, cirrhosis, cancer
25-30% have symptoms
60% high risk drug use
20% sexual behaviors
5% tats
incubation 5-9 weeks
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14
Q

Hepatitis C

Transmission

A

blood
mother to child at birth or breast feeding
fomites

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15
Q

Hepatitis C

Symptoms

A

often asymptomatic or slow in manifesting

appearance after liver disease has progressed (cirrhosis scaring of liver) or cancer

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16
Q

Hepatitis C

Treatment

A

interferon and ribavirin- antiviral

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17
Q

Hepatitis C

Prevention/control

A

avoid contact with blood and blood contaminated fomites

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18
Q

Rabies (Hydrophobia)

A

disease of animals- bats, skunks, raccoons, dogs, cats, cattle
CNS altered, body rejects water

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19
Q

Rabies

Transmission

A

bite of rabid animal

saliva enters muscle tissue where it incubates, replicates, lyse muscle fiber

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20
Q

Rabies

Symptoms

A

progresses thru stages: pain, burning, sensation of cold, itching at site

  1. fever, headache, malaise, loss of appetite, nausea, sore throat, persistent loose cough
  2. nervousness, anxiety, irritability, hyperesthesia
  3. restlessness, hyperactivity, disorientation
  4. intense thirst but inability to drink water
  5. eye and facial muscles become paralyzed
  6. coma, death from encephalitis
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21
Q

Rabies

Treatment

A

fatal if not treated promptly
immediately clean and flush wound with soap and water
vaccine administered varies

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22
Q

Rabies

Prevention/ Control

A

registration, licensing, vaccination of all cats and dogs
avoid handling sick animals
know local fauna

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23
Q

West Nile Virus

A

first identified in Africa in 1937
first seen in NYC 1999, rest of country 2004
no cure, no vaccine

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24
Q

West Nile Virus

Transmission

A

infected bird to mosquito to human

continued to be explored

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25
West Nile Virus | Symptoms
80% have no symptoms initially resemble other disease flu like illness can progress to neurological disease (Stiff neck, disorientation, muscle weakness, seizures, meningitis)
26
West Nile Virus | Treatment
no treatment yet, manage symptoms
27
West Nile Virus | Prevention/ Control
surveillance, mosquito control, individual protection
28
Encephalitis
severe inflammation of brain incubation 5-15 days horse poo- bird- eats poo- mosquito
29
Encephalitis | 4 main viral agents in U.S.
Eastern equine encephalitis Western equine encephalitis Lacrosse encephalitis (rare) St. Louis Encephalitis (West of Mississippi)
30
Encephalitis | Transmission
mosquito bite
31
Encephalitis | Symptoms
usually no symptoms at first fever, headache, vomiting stiff neck and back, drowsiness, convulsions, muscular incoordination, psychoses, paralysis, coma
32
psychoses
loss of touch with reality
33
Encephalitis | Treatment
no specific treatment- dont know enough about it yet | analgesics and supportive therapy
34
Encephalitis | Prevention/ Control
mosquito control screened living quarters repellants
35
Herpes Simplex
70-90% adults have been exposed to type 1 worldwide only 10% have visible symptoms 60% disease reactivated later on in life recurrent and localized
36
Herpes Simplex | Type 1
lips, face primarily but can be on genitals
37
Herpes Simplex | Type II
genital area also face
38
Herpes Simplex | Transmission
saliva, sexual activities, birth through infected vaginal canal during outbreak
39
Herpes Simplex | Symptoms
can be asymptomatic varying degrees external (lesions with itching/ tingling, fever, swollen glands, painful urination) herpetic whitlow- infection of fingers type 1 or 2 internal symptoms may go unnoticed
40
Herpes Simplex | Treatment
``` no cure is available, lifetime disease Outbreaks- analgesic antipyretic numbing mouthwash calamine lotion acyclovir or other antiviral drugs ```
41
Herpes Simplex | Prevention/ Control
oral herpes is difficult to avoid genital and anal herpes can be reduced through condom cesarean section for pregnant women
42
Warts
``` caused by one of the strain of Human Papilloma virus associated with cervical cancer incubation 2-3 months virus can be present with out warts over 100 strains ```
43
Warts | Different Kinds
common warts- brown, raised, hands flat warts- face, not raised, scratch marks filiform warts- skin tag, eyelid, neck, arm pit plantar warts- bottom feet genital warts - 40% population
44
Warts | Transmission
direct contact autoinoculation walking barefoot contaminated floors sexual contact
45
Warts | Symptoms
firm, defined, round or irregular growths | infected warts can cause pain
46
Warts | Treatment
can disappear with enough resistance - support immune system procedures can remove some warts (return) do not use OTC remedies on face or genital warts
47
Warts | Prevention/Control
avoid direct contact shower floods, lesions on self or others using condoms
48
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
early 1980s increase two rare diseases in healthy demographic with out explanation
49
pneumocysitis carinii
usually found in imunosuppressed individuals fungal infections of lungs
50
kapoi's sarcoma
usually found in elderly men; aging spot
51
AIDS year places sent names
virus identified in 1984 sent to CDC (Human t-cell lymphotropic virus,strain III) France (lymphadenopathy associated virus) renamed human immunodeficiency virus
52
AIDS | epidemiology
in less than 10yrs aids became sencond leading cause of death in males 25-44 years old, fifth in women
53
AIDS | incubation
1-3 months 1-15 years varies
54
AIDS | People living with AIDS/HIV
33.3 million
55
AIDS | New infections in 2009
2.6 million (7600 per day)
56
AIDS | death in 2009
1.8 million
57
AIDS | orphans
16.6 million
58
AIDS | Americans living with AIDS
490,696
59
AIDS | children living with AIDS
4,043 usually by sexual molestation
60
AIDS | transmission
semen, vaginal, anal secretions, blood | mother to child- fetus
61
AIDS | symptoms
asymptomatic for at least 10 years nonspecific symptoms after infection- fever, headache, sore throat, muscle aches, enlarged lymph nodes, generalized rash often attributed to flu diagnosis based on t-cell count and opportunistic infections
62
AIDS | treatment
no cure been found drugs to fight HIV and opportunistic disease Nucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors (RT)- azt protease inhibitors HAART- highly active antiretroviral therapy
63
AIDS | prevention/control
``` sexual relations with only uninfected persons sterilized needle use sterile gloves and equipment condom usage education current work on vaccines ```

Disease (HTH 330) (4 decks)

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