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disease prevention and substance use Flashcards

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1
Q

types of vaccines

A

live attenuated, inactivated, toxoids, subunit, messenger RNA, and viral vector

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2
Q

live attentuated

A

weakened form of germ that causes disease
- long lasting immunity

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3
Q

what vaccines are live attenuated?

A

MMR, varicella, rotavirus, and smallpox

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4
Q

inactivated vaccine

A

killed version of germ that causes disease
- may require boosters

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5
Q

what vaccines are inactivated?

A

influenza, polio, rabies and hepatitis A

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6
Q

toxoids

A

toxin made by the germ that causes diseases
- may require boosters

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7
Q

what vaccines are toxoids?

A

diphtheria and tetanus

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8
Q

subunit

A

specific pieces of the germ that causes disease
- may require boosters

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9
Q

what vaccines are subunit?

A

COVID, shingles, RSV, whooping cough, meningitis, hepatitis B, HPV, HiB, Pneunococcal

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10
Q

messenger RNA

A

uses RNA to make protein of viral part to trigger immune response
- may require boosters

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11
Q

what vaccines are messenger RNA?

A

COVID 19 (Moderna and Pfizer)

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12
Q

viral vector

A

uses a different modified virus to deliver genetic information of the target virus to trigger immune response
- may require booster

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13
Q

what vaccines are viral vector?

A

COVID-19 (Johnson and Johnson)

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14
Q

what two vaccines are under development?

A

DNA Vaccines and Recombinant Vector Vaccines

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15
Q

DNA Vaccines

A

easy and inexpensive and has long lasting immunity

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16
Q

recombinant vector vaccines

A

act like natural infection, teach the body to fight the infection

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17
Q

herd immunity

A

resistance to spread a disease within a population that results from a sufficient level of individuals conferring immunity through vaccination

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18
Q

how often is influenza vaccination recommended for children over the age of 6 months?

A

annually

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19
Q

how often is influenza vaccination recommended for adults?

A

annually but there is a special formulation for adults over 65

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20
Q

how many doses of COVID vaccine does an unvaccinated individual get?

A

1 dose of Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine or 2 doses of Novavax

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21
Q

how many doses of COVID vaccine does an previously vaccinated individual get?

A

1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine and administered at least 8 weeks after most recent vaccine

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22
Q

how many doses of COVID vaccine does an adult over 65 get?

A

same as others plus an additional dose at least 2 months after last dose

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23
Q

what does covid vaccine prevent?

A

post covid conditions and MIS

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24
Q

HPV vaccinations

A

prevents cancer and genital warts

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25
side effects of vaccine adminstration
sore arm symptoms itching around injection site fever RARE: febrile seizures and Guillan-Barre Syndrome
26
vaccine contriversies
contain high levels of mercury causes autism are linked to long-term health problems
27
major risk factors for chronic disease
poor nutrition physical inactivity tobacco use excessive alcohol use
28
risk factors for heart disease
high blood pressure high cholesterol diabetes obesity
29
risk factors for stroke
high blood pressure high cholesterol atrial fibrillation diabetes obesity sickle cell disease
30
risk factors for diabetes
overweight or obese age over 45 family history gestational diabetes ethnicity
31
COPD
smoking genetics environment
32
risk factors for kidney disease
high blood pressure diabetes obesity past kidney damage family history older age ethnicity
33
blood pressure screening
screens for heart disease and stroke adults 18-39, screen every 3-5 years adults over 40, screen annually
34
cholesterol screening
screens for heart disease and stroke adults 20-75, screen every 5 years
35
hemoglobin A1C screening
screens for diabetes adults 35-70 with BMI > 25: screen every 3 years screen all adults over 45 and those with risk factors
36
other screenings for diabetes
fasting blood glucose, and height, weight, and BMI
37
lung function test
screens for COPD
38
serum creatinine and creatinine clearance
screens for kidney disease
39
hepatitis C blood draw
screens for hepatitis C screen all adults at least once
40
bone density test
screens for osteoporosis and risk of bone problems screen all women over 65 screen postmenopausal women under 65 with risk factors
41
depression screening
screen yearly for ages 12-21
42
breast cancer screening
optional yearly for women 40-44 yearly for women 45-54 women 55+, every 1-2 years
43
cervical cancer screening
pap smear every 3 years for women 21-29 every 3 years or hrHPV test for women 30-65
44
prostate cancer screening
PSA starting at age 50 for black men and family history, start at 40
45
colorectal cancer screening
colonscopy or DNA stool tests screen at age 45
46
benefits of healthy weight
increases: mobility, social life, confidence, mood and energy, and fertility decreases: blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, and sleep apnea
47
strategies for healthy eating
diets, mindful eating and intuitive eating
48
immediate benefits of physical activity
sleep, less anxiety, and blood pressure
49
long term benefits of physical activtiy
brain health, heart health, cancer prevention, healthy weight, bone strength, balance and coordination
50
OTC Medication for Weight Loss
Alli (orlistat) - prevents breakdown and absorption of fat - take capsule up to 3 times per day with each meal containing fat - 5% weight loss with diet and exercise -side effects: diarrhea, oily stools, abdominal discomfort
51
OTC supplements for weight loss
garcinia cambogia green coffee bean extract bitter orange raspberry ketone hoodia gordonii apple cider vinegar
52
how does weight loss supplements work?
by increasing metabolism or suppressing appetite
53
side effects of weight loss supplements
liver toxicity (garcinia cambogia) increased blood pressure heart rate vasospasm headaches dental erosion (apple cider vinegar)
54
short term risks of alcohol consumption
injury, violence, alcohol poisoning, and risky sexual behavior
55
long term risks of alcohol consumption
heart disease, cancer, weakened immune system, dementia, depression or anxiety, social problems, and alcohol dependance
56
harm reduction
Drug use is going to occur Drug use is complex Abstinence is not the only way to be successful People who use drugs should be provided with services and resources Everyone should have a voice Meet people where they are Understand the factors that contribute to drug use/take the person in their environment Do not minimize or ignore
57
IV drug use
most dangerous method increased risk of blood borne disease and HIV do not REUSE needles
58
snorting
make sure powder is finely crushed alternate nostrils use a straw
59
smoking
use pipe, stem or bong use filter for crack make sure everyone has a mouthpiece
60
opioid overdose symptoms
not moving and can't be woken, slow or no breathing, choking, gurgling sounds or snoring, tiny pupils, clammy or cold skin, and blue lips and nails
61
how to use naloxone
Take deep breath and remain calm Dial 911 Take out the first dose and spray into one of the nostrils Check for a pulse and initiate CPR if needed If no response after 2-3 minutes, administer second dose into other nostril Stay until emergency services arrive
62
where to get naloxone
pharmacists can write a prescription and OTC at most pharmacies - many local services have a supply
63
how does naloxone work?
by binding onto opioid receptors, kicking off and preventing opioid from binding and triggering overdose

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