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Gastrointestinal Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

heartburn

A

burning sensation in the stomach or lower chest that extends upwards toward the neck and back

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2
Q

dietary causes of heartburn

A

acidic, spicy foods
citrus products
mint, alcohol, coffee, carbonated beverages
large or fatty, greasy meals
chocolate

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3
Q

lifestyle causes of heartburn

A

overweight
pregnant
smoking
stress
medication use

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4
Q

common symptoms of heartburn

A

burning pain in the chest
pain that worsens when lying down
belching
feeling bloated
dyspepsia
nausea

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5
Q

serious symptoms of heartburn

A

difficulty swallowing
painful swallowing
unexplained weight loss
GI bleeding

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6
Q

heartburn OTC

A

antacids
bismuth products
histamine-2 receptor antagonists
proton pump inhibitors

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7
Q

antacids

A

neutralize stomach acid
use as needed

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8
Q

antacids names

A

gaviscon
maalox
milk of magnesia
alka-seltzer
tums
rolaids

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9
Q

antacids side effects

A

calcium: constipation, belching, bloating
aluminum: constipation
magnesium: loose stool

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10
Q

bismuth products

A

coats the stomach and esophagus in a protective barrier against stomach acid
- use every 30-60 mins as needed for up to 2 days

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11
Q

bismuth products names

A

dismatrol
diotame
kaopectate
kao-tin
pepto bismol

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12
Q

bismuth product side effects

A

dark tongue
dark stools
constipation
ringing in the ears

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13
Q

histamine 2 receptor antagonists

A

decreases gastric acid production
- use 10-60 minutes before eating or drinking

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14
Q

histamine-2 receptor antagonists names

A

tagamet HB
pepcid AC
zantac 360

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15
Q

histamine-2 receptor antagonists side effects

A

constipation, dizziness and headache

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16
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

prevents gastric acid from being produced
- use 30-60 minutes before breakfast

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17
Q

proton pump inhibitors names

A

nexium
prevacid
prilosec

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18
Q

proton pump inhibitors side effects

A

diarrhea
abdominal pain
headache
nausea
long term use can increase in bone fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency and bacterial infection risk

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19
Q

non medication treatment for heartburn

A

maintain healthy diet
elevate head of bed
reduce drinking alcohol
quit smoking
avoid tight clothes, trigger foods, late night meals, lying down after a meal

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20
Q

seeking medical attention for heartburn

A

having severe symptoms
symptoms last more than 3 months
symptoms continue after 2 week use of OTC
symptoms prevent sleep

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21
Q

age restrictions for OTC for heartburn

A

Antacids: Children < 2 years old
H2Ras: Children < 12 years old
PPIs: Children < 18 years old
Adults > 45 years old with new onset

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22
Q

gas

A

affected by air generated in the intestine or stomach

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23
Q

bloated

A

condition where belly feels full, swell, tight and distention in the abdomen

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24
Q

common causes of gas

A

swallowing air when eating or drinking
gas produced by bacteria in the digestive tract

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25
other causes of gas
triggering foods or drinks poor eating habits medication use
26
symptoms of gas
burping cramping flatulence nausea abdominal discomfort dyspepsia/indigestion
27
gas OTC
digestive enzymes and antiflatulence
28
digestive enzymes
uses enzymes to break down "gassy foods" use before or with first bite of food few side effects
29
common digestive enzymes
lactaid and beano
30
antiflatulence
decreases surface tension of gas bubbles use up to 4 times daily few side effects
31
common antiflatulence
gas-x (simethicone) mylicon (simethicone)
32
non-medication treatments for gas
eat slowly and chew well decrease chewing gum and deep sighs avoid belching, trigger foods, tight clothes, and quit smoking
33
seeking medical attention for gas
symptoms persist for more than several days sudden changes in symptoms diarrhea or constipation unexpected symptoms like bleeding, fatigue or unintended weight loss disruption of bowel function
34
common causes of nausea
food allergies medications migraines morning sickness motion sickness indigestion of viral or bacterial toxins from food severe pain
35
severe causes of nausea
appendicitis intestinal blockage cancer or tumor poisoning, overdose, or unintended drug intake GI ulcers
36
symptoms of nausea
retching: dry heaving dehydration: can lead to kidney damage and cognitive impairement
37
signs for adults and children for nausea
dry skin thirst headache dark colored pee
38
signs for infants for nausea
no wet diapers no tears fever
39
Oral Rehydration Solutions
contain approriate ratio of water, salts and suger take sips every 15 mins, then increase as tolerated
40
common oral rehyrdration solutions
pedialyte homemade solutions avoid gatorade and powerade (high in sugar)
41
motion sickness treatment
reduces brain signals that trigger nausea and vomiting use 30-60 mins before travel or triggering activity
42
side effects of motion sickness treatment
dizziness drowsiness dry mouth constipation blurred vision
43
common motion sickness treatment products
dramamine (dimenhydrinate) bonnie (meclizine) benadryl (diphenhydramine) unisom (doxylamine)
44
seeking medical attention for nausea/vomiting
pregnant lasts over 24 hours fever have cancer or diabetes blood in vomit stiff neck head injury suspected to be due to medications
45
constipation
less than three bowel movements per week or difficulty passing stool
46
causes of constipation
not drinking enough water not eating enough fiber consuming too much sugar/unhealthy fats certain medications toilet training in children depression lack of physical activity
47
types of OTC for constipation
oral bulk-forming laxatives Oral Osmotic Laxatives stimulant laxatives stool softeners lubricant laxatives
48
oral bulk-forming laxatives
absorbs water in the intestine which adds bulk to the stool to easily pass take with 8oz of water
49
common oral bulk-forming laxatives
fibercon metamucil citrucel benefiber
50
side effects of oral bulk-forming laxatives
flatulence cramping
51
Oral Osmotic Laxatives
brings water into colon to stimulate bowel movement mix with uncarbonated drink
52
side effects of Oral Osmotic Laxatives
bloating, cramping, flatulence
53
common Oral Osmotic Laxatives
phillips miralax fleet magnesium citrate
54
stimulant laxatives
stimulates neurons in the colon to increase the movement of the stool - take at bedtime to have a bowel movement in the morning
55
stimulant laxatives side effects
cramping electrolyte imbalance
56
common stimulant laxatives
ducolax senokot
57
stool softeners
allows stool to mix more easily with water and fat to soften the stool to pass easily - take once or twice daily
58
side effects of stool softeners
sweating muscle cramps
59
common stool softeners
colace
60
lubricant laxatives
coats and softens stool contents to make it easier to push - given rectally for quicker onset, oral use not recommended
61
side effects of lubricant laxatives
cramping nausea diarrhea
62
common lubricant laxatives
mineral oil
63
seeking medical attention for constipation
severe abdominal pain fever previous bowel issues blood in stool unexplained weight loss lasts longer than 2 weeks lasts longer than 7 days after OTC use nausea or vomiting
64
diarrhea
increased bowel movements that result in watery and loose stools occuring 3 or more times a day
65
causes of diarrhea
Infection: Traveler’s Diarrhea, food poisoning, E. coli, C.diff, salmonella, and stomach flu Food- Related causes: contamination, allergies, or intolerances Intolerance: lactose intolerance, gluten intolerance Medications Medical Conditions: Crohn’s Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
66
OTC for diarrhea
loperamide bismuth products probiotics
67
loperamide
slows down intestinal movement take 2 tablets once, than 1 tablet for every loose stool - max 4 tablets every 24 hours
68
side effects of loperamide
constipation dizziness cramping
69
common name of loperamide
imodium
70
bismuth products
reduces fluid secretion in the intestines for firmer and less frequent stools - take every 30-60 minutes as needed for up to 2 days
71
side effects of bismuth products
dark tongue dark stool constipation
72
common bismuth products
pepto bismol
73
probiotics
replenishes gut normal flora bacteria for healthy digestion used when taking antibiotics to replace healthy bacteria
74
side effects of probiotics
flatulence bloating diarrhea
75
common probiotics
floranex culturelle floraien
76
seeking medical attention for diarrhea
pregnant children severe abdominal pain blood or pus in stool fever higher than 101 severe dehyrdation

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