disease process

Question 1

when does disease occur?

Answer 1

when the body systems are unable to maintain

Question 2

infectious disease

Answer 2

when bacteria enters the body

Question 3

has a sudden onset, short recovery time (mostly)
Ex: flu/cold

Answer 3

acute disease

Question 4

last longer than 6 months, recovery time usually involves ongoing medications & treatment
Ex: diabetes/coronary artery disease

Answer 4

chronic disease

Question 5

aging process causes tissue in the body to wear down
Ex: arthritis

Answer 5

degenerative disease

Question 6

inflammation of the joint
stiffness, pain, decreased ROM, mobility changes, crepitus
causes from obesity, excessive kneeling/squatting , joint injury can cause breakdown of cartilage between the bones

Answer 6

osteoarthritis

Question 7

how do infections happen

Answer 7

pathogens enter the body, grows, and multiplies

Question 8

constriction of the bronchi/bronchioles caused by inflammation
s/s: dyspnea, chest tightness, wheezing
triggered by allergies, smoke, chemicals, cold air, exercise

Answer 8

asthma

Question 9

inflammation of the lungs due to infection
- air sacs fill with fluid & pus
s/s: fever, productive cough, and fatigue

Answer 9

pneumonia

Question 10

inhaling foreign matter (food/emesis)

Answer 10

aspiration pneumonia

Question 11

group of chronic lung disease (emphysema & chronic bronchitis)
airflow to the lungs is progressively obstructed
causes: smoking/air pollution
s/s: coughing, hypoxia, dyspnea, & fatigue

Answer 11

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 12

abnormal cell growth
- causes tumor
- can potentially spread to other parts of the body (matastized)

Answer 12

cancer

Question 13

emesis is…

Answer 13

throw up

Question 14

what happens if cancer gets to your lymph nodes

Answer 14

it is able to spread to any part of the body

Question 15

when the systolic pressure is constantly 130mmHg or higher, or the diastolic is 80mmHg or higher

Answer 15

hypertension

Question 16

what are risk factors of hypertension?

Answer 16

obesity, stress, smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, diabetes, atherosclerosis(plaque build up in the arteries), kidney disease, certain medications, and a high sodium diet

Question 17

what are the s/s of hypertension?

Answer 17

sweating, blurred vision, fatigue, vertigo(off-balance), & headaches
- symptoms are not always present in patients

Question 18

what is the best solution to hypertension?

Answer 18

diet modification (low sodium diet)

Question 19

expected reference range for BP

Answer 19

systolic- less than 120
diastolic- less than 80

Question 20

systolic - 120 to 129
diastolic - less than 80

Answer 20

elevated BP

Question 21

systolic - 130 to 139
diastolic - 80 to 89

Answer 21

high blood pressure stage 1

Question 22

systolic - 140 or greater
diastolic - 90 or greater

Answer 22

high blood pressure stage 2

Question 23

systolic - 180 or greater
diastolic - 120 or greater

Answer 23

hypertension crisis

Question 24

narrowing of the arteries due to plaque build up. the heart doesn’t receive adequate oxygen and nutrients. the first sign is a heart attack

Answer 24

coronary artery disease

Question 25

what are the risk factors of CAD?

Answer 25

obesity, poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, diabetes mellitus

Question 26

chronic disorder where the heart cannot pump adequate amounts of blood to the whole body. results from a heart attack or congenital heart defect.

Answer 26

heart failure

Question 27

what are the risk factors of heart failure?

Answer 27

smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, poor diet, hypertension, diabetes mellitus

Question 28

what is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 28

occurs as a result of a blood clot or atherosclerosis preventing blood in the coronary arteries from reaching the heart. the heart tissue dies.

Question 29

what are the s/s of a myocardial infarction

Answer 29

- diaphoresis (cold sweats), nausea, SOB, dizziness, tightness in upper body

Question 30

what is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 30

stroke

Question 31

what is occurring during a stroke

Answer 31

occurs when the blood flow to a part of the Brian is blocked, causing brain cells to die or an artery rupture

Question 32

s/s of a CVA (stroke)

Answer 32

slurred speech, paralysis, facial droop, severe headache, loss of consciousness

Question 33

the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, this type is usually manifest early in life - insulin dependent

Answer 33

type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 34

cells in the body have become resistant to insulin the body produces - can be controlled and isn't insulin dependent

Answer 34

type 2 diabetes mellitus

Question 35

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 35

split into 2 types blood sugar levels are constantly fluctuate