Disease terms and virulence/ defense

Question 1

The state or condition in which the body or body part of it is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

the act of introducing pathogens or infection material into or on an inanimate object

Answer 2

Contamination

Question 3

an organism that due to it’s own virulence is able to produce disease

Answer 3

True pathogen

Question 4

dilution or weakening of the virulence of a microorganism; reducing or abolishing pathogenicity

Answer 4

Attenuation

Question 5

the microbial population that lives with the host in a healthy condition

Answer 5

Normal flora

Question 6

resistant, as in bacteria, to the action of a drug or drugs

Answer 6

Drug-fast

Question 7

an organism that exists as part of the normal flora but may become pathogenic under certain conditions

Answer 7

Opportunist

Question 8

the state of producing or being able to produce pathological changes and disease

Answer 8

Pathogenicity

Question 9

relative power of an organism to produce disease

Answer 9

Virulence

Question 10

poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin

Answer 10

Toxin

Question 11

bacterial toxin produced within a living cell and secreted into it’s surrounding medium

Answer 11

Exotoxin

Question 12

bacterial toxin that is liberated only when the cell producing it disintegrates (only found in gram negative)

Answer 12

Endotoxin

Question 13

coating that surrounds some bacterial cells; loose gel-like structure that, in pathogenic bacteria, protects against phagocytosis (immune response).
-Helps protect from host’s immunity

Answer 13

Capsules

Question 14

thick-walled body produced by a bacterium to enable it to survive unfavorable environmental conditions.
-allow a “dormant” form

Answer 14

Endospore

Question 15

proteins that act as biological catalysts.
-can damage human tissue

Answer 15

Enzymes

Question 16

a carrier that transmits the causative organism of a disease from infection to non-infected individuals.
-Usually insects or an arthropod
-May carry the pathogen externally or internally

Answer 16

Vector

Question 17

an arthropod in which the disease-causing organism multiplies or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infected

Answer 17

Biological vector

Question 18

a living organism capable of transmitting infections by carrying the disease agent on it’s external body parts or surfaces

Answer 18

Mechanical vector

Question 19

Physical means of reduction.
-Skin (epithelium)
-Mucous membranes
-Normal microbiota of the skin
-Necrobiosis
-Oils produces by sebaceous glands
-Tears
-Ciliated epithelium in the respiratory tract
-Flushing of urine

Answer 19

Mechanical defenses

Question 20

Defenses due to disease or trauma.
-Inflammation
-Fever
-Phagocytosis

Answer 20

Physiological defenses

Question 21

a tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness, pain, and sometimes loss of function

Answer 21

Inflammation

Question 22

a process in which phagocytes engulf and destroy microorganisms. other foreign antigens, and cell debris

Answer 22

Phagocytosis

Question 23

Defenses involving chemical substances.
-Body secretions (Lysozyme, gastric juices)
-Antibody
-Interferon

Answer 23

Chemical defenses

Question 24

Enzyme that uses water to break down the peptidoglycan layer in prokaryotic pathogen

Answer 24

Lysozyme

Question 25

pH levels and hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Answer 25

Gastric juices

Question 26

Glycoprotein substance developed by the body in response to, and interacting specifically with, an antigen

Answer 26

Antibody (Immunoglobin)

Question 27

Proteins that respond to viruses to inhibit spread of pathogenic organisms

Answer 27

Interferon

Question 28

Disease transfers from mother to fetus

Answer 28

Congenital