DISEASES

Question 1

symptoms of — infection can be sudden and include fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. These are followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and internal and external bleeding.

Answer 1

Ebola

Question 2

The symptoms of Ebola infectioN

Answer 2

fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. These are followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and internal and external bleeding.

Question 3

is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite mostly during the day

is known to preferentially infect stem cells in the brain

Answer 3

ZIKA VIRUS

Question 4

hey typically start 3–14 days after infection, are generally mild including rash, fever, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise and headache, and usually last for 2–7 days.

Answer 4

ZIKA VIRUS

Question 5

causes inflammation in the stomach and intestines.

Answer 5

ROTA VIRUS A AND B -

Question 6

Most human rotavirus diarrheal illness is caused by ___, which mostly affects newborns and young children.

Answer 6

Rotavirus species A (RVA)

Question 7

___has been linked to occasional epidemics of adult diarrheal illness in humans.

Answer 7

Rotavirus species B (RVB)

Question 8

Severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal discomfort, and dehydration

Answer 8

ROTA VIRUS A & B

Question 9

diseases caused by bacteria.

Answer 9

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Question 10

is an infection with a bacteria called Salmonella

Answer 10

Salmonellosis

Question 11

are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces.

Answer 11

Salmonella

Question 12

Salmonella was first discovered and isolated from the intestines of pigs infected with classical swine fever, by ___ in 1855.

Answer 12

Theobald Smith

Question 13

The bacterial strain was named after ___, an American pathologist who worked with Smith.

Answer 13

Dr Daniel Elmer Salmon

Question 14

diarrhea
fever
abdominal cramps
12 to 72 hours after infection
chills
headache
nausea
vomiting

Answer 14

SALMONELLA

Question 15

Gastrointestinal illness caused by an infection with the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae (sero group O1 or O139)

Answer 15

CHOLERA

Question 16

s found in the feces of people (with or without symptoms) infected with the bacteria. The bacterium may also live in the environment in brackish rivers and coastal waters.

Answer 16

Vibrio cholerae

Question 17

is an intestinal infection caused by a family of bacteria known as shigella or gram-negative bacteria Shigella species.

Answer 17

Shigella infection (shigellosis)

Question 18

Shigella is named after___, a Japanese scientist who discovered the bacteria in 1897

Answer 18

Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga

Question 19

diarrhea (often bloody)
abdominal pain
stomach cramps
fever

Answer 19

SHIGELLOSIS

Question 20

Transmission
shigellosis

Answer 20

Fecal to oral route.
Direct person to person contact.
Indirect transmission.
Sexually transmitted.

Question 21

___(break-bone fever) is a viral infection that spreads from mosquitoes to people. It is more common in tropical and subtropical climates.

Answer 21

DENGUE

Question 22

___spread dengue to people through bites.

Answer 22

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Question 23

is a life-threatening disease spread to humans by some types of mosquitoes. It is mostly found in tropical countries. It is preventable and curable.

Answer 23

Malaria

Question 24

5 Plasmodium parasite species that cause malaria in humans:

Answer 24

P. falciparum and P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. knowlesi.

Question 25

The most severe form of malaria, which may progress to a coma, is known as ___

Answer 25

cerebral malaria.

Question 26

most important cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. It is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, and belongs to the same genus as dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses.

Answer 26

Japanese encephalitis virus JEV

Question 27

“Aka” Meningococcal septicemia Is an acute and potentially life-threatening bacterial infection of the bloodstream. The bacteria frequently live in a person's upper respiratory tract without causing visible signs of illness

Answer 27

MENINGOCOCCEMIA

Question 28

Caused by Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 28

MENINGOCOCCEMIA

Question 29

Fever and chills Fatigue (feeling tired) Vomiting Cold hands and feet Severe aches or pain in the muscles, joints, chest, or abdomen (belly) Rapid breathing Diarrhea In the later stages, a dark purple rash

Answer 29

MENINGOCOCCEMIA

Question 30

CURE/PREVENTION: MENINGOCOCCEMIA

Answer 30

Early recognition Immunization Antibiotics Hygiene and Healthy diet

Question 31

is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. People with active TB disease in the lungs or voice box can spread the disease.

Answer 31

Tuberculosis

Question 32

is a chronic infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae. The disease predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves

Answer 32

Leprosy or Hansen’s Disease

Question 33

Prolonged cough (sometimes with blood) Chest pain Weakness Fatigue Malnourished/weight loss Fever Night sweats

Answer 33

Tuberculosis

Question 34

Discolored patches of skin Painless swelling and ulcers on the sole of the feet and face Loss of eyebrows or eyelashes Loss of sensation/weakness of the muscles Prolonged cough (sometimes with blood)

Answer 34

Leprosy

Question 35

is a rehabilitation program for people with TB. They will visit and observe your health while taking doses of drugs that may be needed during the rehabilitation period.

Answer 35

TBDoTs

Question 36

is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira.

Answer 36

Leptospirosis

Question 37

High fever Headache Chills Muscle aches Vomiting Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) Red eyes Abdominal pain Diarrhea Rash

Answer 37

LEPTOSPIROSIS

Question 38

illnesses that can be transmitted from animals to humans. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, and can be spread through direct contact with an infected animal or its bodily fluids, as well as through bites from infected insects or ticks. Some common examples of zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, and salmonella.

Answer 38

Zoonotic diseases -

Question 39

is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including humans. It is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through a bite or scratch

Answer 39

Rabies

Question 40

Fever and headache Excessive salivation and frothing at the mouth Difficulty swallowing and muscle weakness Seizures and convulsions Agitation, confusion, and hallucinations

Answer 40

SYMPTOMS rabues

Question 41

are any illnesses or conditions caused by parasites living and reproducing in your body.

Answer 41

Parasitic infections

Question 42

are organisms that need another living thing (a host) to get the nutrients they need to survive. Parasitic infections often cause intestinal illness, with symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting.

Answer 42

Parasites

Question 43

are a type of harmful algal bloom, and they occur worldwide.

Answer 43

Red tide

Question 44

- This disease is caused by the production of saxitoxin by the Alexandrium species. Poisoning occurs when one ingests shellfish contaminated with PSP toxins, causing disruption of nerve function and paralysis.

Answer 44

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)

Question 45

This disease is caused by the Dinophysis species. DSP is generally not lethal.

Answer 45

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)

Question 46

This disease is caused by domoic acid-producing planktonic and benthic algae. It can also be found in soft shell clams and blue mussels.

Answer 46

Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP)

Question 47

is a species of dinoflagellates. It produces toxins that induce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and is a common cause of red tide.

Answer 47

Alexandrium fundyense

Question 48

is a microscopic, single-celled, photosynthetic organism in the genus Karenia. It is a marine dinoflagellate commonly found in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico.

Answer 48

Karenia brevis

Question 49

tingling of the lips and tongue (spreads to the face, neck, fingertips.) Headache Dizziness Nausea

Answer 49

SYMPTOMS red tide

Question 50

refers to the intentional use of biological agents, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, to harm or terrorize a population.

Answer 50

Bioterrorism

Question 51

Third highest priority agents include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination

Answer 51

CATEGORY C

Question 52

Some of the AGENTS/DISEASES in Category C include:

Answer 52

Nipah Virus Hantavirus

Question 53

was first discovered in 1999 following an outbreak of disease in pigs and people in Malaysia and Singapore. This outbreak resulted in nearly 300 human cases and more than 100 deaths, and caused substantial economic impact as more than 1 million pigs were killed to help control the outbreak.

Answer 53

NIPAH VIRUS

Question 54

is a zoonotic virus (it is transmitted from animals to humans) and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people

Answer 54

NIPAH VIRUS

Question 55

re a group of viruses that are primarily transmitted to humans through contact with rodents, particularly deer mice.

Answer 55

HANTAVIRUS

Question 56

HANTAVIRUS These viruses can cause two main types of diseases in humans:

Answer 56

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS).

Question 57

primarily transmitted to humans through contact with the saliva, urine, or droppings of infected rodents, particularly deer mice in North America.

Answer 57

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Question 58

is a serious disease with early symptoms that resemble those of HPS.

Answer 58

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)

Question 59

Second highest priority agents include those that are moderately easy to disseminate, result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates, and require specific enhancements of CDC’s diagnostic capacity and enhanced disease surveillance.

Answer 59

Bioterrorism Agent Category B

Question 60

Sample Agents/Diseases for Category B:

Answer 60

Cholera E. Coli O157:H7 - Escherichia coli Hepatitis A Salmonella

Question 61

an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria.

Answer 61

Cholera

Question 62

It is the most common strain to cause illness in people.

Answer 62

Escherichia coli

Question 63

is a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) found in the stool and blood of people who are infected.

Answer 63

Hepatitis A

Question 64

includes high priority pathogens that can pose a risk to the national security

Answer 64

CATEGORY A

Question 65

ANTHRAX can be transmitted in different ways:

Answer 65

Direct Contact (cutaneous) Airborne Transmission Ingestion of Contaminated Goods

Question 66

can be transmitted by infected fleas, direct contact with infected tissues and inhalation of respiratory droplets

Answer 66

PLAGUE

Question 67

can be transmitted through infective droplets during close contact or contaminated objects

Answer 67

SMALLPOX

Question 68

CATEGORY A DISEASES

Answer 68

ANTHRAX BOTULISM PLAGUE SMALL POX