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Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Define health.

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

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2
Q

What is a disease?

A

A condition that impairs normal body functioning.

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3
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A microorganism that causes disease.

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4
Q

Give examples of infectious diseases

A

Influenza, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis.

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5
Q

What is a non-infectious disease?

A

A disease that cannot be spread from person to person.

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6
Q

Give examples of non-infectious diseases.

A

Diabetes, Hypertension, Asthma, Cancer.

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7
Q

List ways infectious diseases can be transmitted.

A

Direct contact, indirect contact, airborne, waterborne, and vectors.

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8
Q

Name some first lines of body defense.

A

Skin, mucus, tears, stomach acid.

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9
Q

What is the role of white blood cells in defense?

A

They produce antibodies and destroy pathogens.

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10
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A foreign substance that triggers an immune response.

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11
Q

What is an antibody?

A

A protein made by white blood cells to fight antigens.

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12
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

Immunity gained through infection or passed from mother to baby.

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13
Q

What is artificial immunity?

A

Immunity gained through vaccination.

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14
Q

What do vaccines contain?

A

Dead or weakened pathogens to stimulate antibody production.

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15
Q

Name three sexually transmitted infections.

A

HIV/AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea.

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16
Q

List three ways to prevent STIs.

A

Use condoms, abstain from sex, get regular STI tests.

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17
Q

What are some commonly abused substances?

A

Alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine.

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18
Q

What are the physical effects of substance abuse?

A

Liver damage, heart disease.

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19
Q

What are the mental effects of substance abuse?

A

Depression, anxiety.

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20
Q

What are the social effects of substance abuse?

A

Broken relationships, financial problems.

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21
Q

What is the purpose of first aid?

A

To preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and promote recovery.

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22
Q

How do you treat a cut?

A

Clean the wound, apply pressure, and bandage it.

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23
Q

How do you treat a burn?

A

Cool with water, do not burst blisters, seek medical help if severe.

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24
Q

How do you treat a fracture?

A

Immobilize the limb and seek medical attention.

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25
What causes influenza?
Influenza viruses transmitted via airborne droplets.
26
What are the symptoms of influenza?
Fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, fatigue, sore throat.
27
How is influenza treated?
Rest, hydration, antiviral medications like oseltamivir.
28
How can influenza be prevented?
Annual flu vaccination, hand hygiene, avoiding contact with sick individuals.
29
What causes cholera?
Bacterium Vibrio cholerae through contaminated water or food.
30
What are the symptoms of cholera?
Severe diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting.
31
How is cholera treated?
Oral rehydration salts, antibiotics in severe cases.
32
How can cholera be prevented?
Safe drinking water, proper sanitation, cholera vaccination.
33
What causes tuberculosis?
Bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis spread through airborne droplets.
34
What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?
Persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, fever.
35
How is tuberculosis treated?
Long-term antibiotic therapy.
36
How can tuberculosis be prevented?
BCG vaccination, early detection and treatment.
37
What causes malaria?
Plasmodium parasites transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
38
What are the symptoms of malaria?
Fever, chills, sweating, headaches, nausea.
39
How is malaria treated?
Antimalarial medications like chloroquine or artemisinin-based therapy.
40
How can malaria be prevented?
Insecticide-treated bed nets, mosquito repellents, antimalarial prophylaxis.
41
What causes measles?
Measles virus spread through respiratory droplets.
42
What are the symptoms of measles?
High fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, rash.
43
How is measles treated?
Supportive care, vitamin A supplementation.
44
How can measles be prevented?
MMR vaccination (measles, mumps, rubella).
45
What causes diabetes mellitus?
Type 1: Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells; Type 2: Insulin resistance.
46
What are the symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
Increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision.
47
How is diabetes mellitus treated?
Insulin therapy (Type 1), oral medications (Type 2), lifestyle changes.
48
How can diabetes mellitus be prevented?
Healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management.
49
What causes hypertension?
Genetic factors, high salt intake, obesity, stress.
50
What are the symptoms of hypertension?
Often asymptomatic; headaches, dizziness in some cases.
51
How is hypertension treated?
Antihypertensive medications, lifestyle modifications.
52
How can hypertension be prevented?
Balanced diet, regular physical activity, stress management.
53
What causes prostate cancer?
Uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland.
54
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Difficulty urinating, blood in urine, pelvic discomfort.
55
How is prostate cancer treated?
Surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy.
56
How can prostate cancer be prevented?
Regular screenings, healthy lifestyle choices.
57
What causes obesity?
Excessive calorie intake, sedentary lifestyle, genetic factors.
58
What are the symptoms of obesity?
Excess body fat, increased risk of other health issues.
59
How is obesity treated?
Dietary changes, increased physical activity, behavioral therapy.
60
How can obesity be prevented?
Balanced diet, regular exercise, portion control.
61
What causes HIV/AIDS?
HIV virus transmitted through blood, sexual contact, or from mother to child.
62
What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?
Flu-like symptoms initially; later stages include weight loss, opportunistic infections.
63
How is HIV/AIDS treated?
Antiretroviral therapy (ART).
64
How can HIV/AIDS be prevented?
Safe sex practices, regular testing, avoiding sharing needles.
65
What causes HPV?
HPV virus transmitted through sexual contact.
66
What are the symptoms of HPV?
Genital warts, potential cervical cancer.
67
How is HPV treated?
Topical treatments, surgical removal of warts.
68
How can HPV be prevented?
HPV vaccination, safe sex practices.
69
What causes chlamydia?
Bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis transmitted through sexual contact.
70
What are the symptoms of chlamydia?
Often asymptomatic; possible genital discharge, burning during urination.
71
How is chlamydia treated?
Antibiotics.
72
How can chlamydia be prevented?
Safe sex practices, regular screenings.
73
What causes herpes simplex virus?
HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses transmitted through skin-to-skin contact.
74
What are the symptoms of herpes simplex virus?
Painful blisters or sores on mouth or genitals.
75
How is herpes simplex virus treated?
Antiviral medications.
76
How can herpes simplex virus be prevented?
Avoiding contact during outbreaks, safe sex practices.
77
What causes asthma?
Inflammation and narrowing of airways due to various triggers.
78
What are the symptoms of asthma?
Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness.
79
How is asthma treated?
Inhalers (bronchodilators, corticosteroids), avoiding triggers.
80
How can asthma be prevented?
Managing environmental factors, adherence to treatment plans.
81
What causes gastroenteritis?
Viruses, bacteria, or parasites causing inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
82
What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis?
Diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, fever.
83
How is gastroenteritis treated?
Hydration, rest, in some cases antibiotics.
84
How can gastroenteritis be prevented?
Proper food handling, hand hygiene, safe drinking water.
85
What causes yellow fever?
Yellow fever virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
86
What are the symptoms of yellow fever?
Fever, chills, jaundice, muscle pain, nausea.
87
How is yellow fever treated?
Supportive care including rest, fluids, and pain relief.
88
How can yellow fever be prevented?
Yellow fever vaccination, mosquito control, insect repellent.
89
What causes dengue?
Dengue virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
90
What are the symptoms of dengue?
High fever, severe headaches, joint/muscle pain, rash, bleeding.
91
How is dengue treated?
Supportive care, hydration, pain relievers (not aspirin).
92
How can dengue be prevented?
Mosquito control, insect repellent, avoiding mosquito bites.
93
What causes chikungunya?
Chikungunya virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
94
What are the symptoms of chikungunya?
Fever, joint pain, rash, headache, fatigue.
95
How is chikungunya treated?
Supportive care, rest, fluids, pain relievers.
96
How can chikungunya be prevented?
Mosquito control, use of insect repellent, avoiding bites.

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