Sec a and b

Question 1

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

Answer 1

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition (MRS GREN)

Question 2

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 2

The process by which green plants use sunlight to make food from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 3

What are the levels of organization in living things?

Answer 3

Cells → Tissues → Organs → Systems → Organism

Question 4

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 4

A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Question 5

What is a habitat?

Answer 5

The natural home or environment of an organism.

Question 6

What is respiration?

Answer 6

The process of breaking down glucose to release energy.

Question 7

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 7

Aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen).

Question 8

Why is diffusion important?

Answer 8

It allows the movement of substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of cells.

Question 9

What are the main nutrients needed by the body?

Answer 9

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber.

Question 10

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 10

To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.

Question 11

What are the components of blood?

Answer 11

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

Question 12

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 12

To carry oxygen using hemoglobin.

Question 13

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 13

To help blood clot.

Question 14

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 14

To pump blood throughout the body.

Question 15

What is the function of arteries?

Answer 15

To carry blood away from the heart.

Question 16

What is the function of veins?

Answer 16

To carry blood to the heart.

Question 17

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 17

To allow exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues.

Question 18

What is excretion?

Answer 18

The removal of metabolic waste from the body.

Question 19

What organs are involved in excretion?

Answer 19

Kidneys, lungs, and skin.

Question 20

What is the role of the kidney?

Answer 20

To filter blood and form urine.

Question 21

What is ultrafiltration?

Answer 21

The process where small molecules are filtered from the blood into the nephron.

Question 22

What is selective reabsorption?

Answer 22

The reabsorption of useful substances like glucose and some water from the filtrate.

Question 23

What is the role of ADH?

Answer 23

To regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 24

What is the function of the skeleton?

Answer 24

Support, protection, movement, and production of blood cells.

Question 25

What are joints?

Answer 25

Places where two bones meet, allowing movement.

Question 26

What is ossification?

Answer 26

The process of bone formation from cartilage.

Question 27

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 27

A condition in which bones become brittle from loss of tissue.

Question 28

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 28

To lubricate joints and reduce friction.

Question 29

What is reproduction?

Answer 29

The process of producing offspring.

Question 30

What is fertilization?

Answer 30

The fusion of a sperm and egg to form a zygote.

Question 31

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 31

In the fallopian tubes.

Question 32

What is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 32

A monthly cycle that prepares the female body for pregnancy.

Question 33

What are the main hormones in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 33

FSH, LH, Estrogen, Progesterone.

Question 34

What is the function of the placenta?

Answer 34

To exchange nutrients, gases, and wastes between mother and fetus.