Diseases Flashcards
(57 cards)
What’s the latin word rabies mean?
Madness
What is rabies?
A fatal disease caused by Rabies virus (Lyssavirus rabies).
What’s the virus that causes rabies?
Lyssavirus rabies.
On what continent is rabies not there?
Antarctica.
What are the sources of rabies in humans:
bats, monkeys, raccoons, foxes, skunks, cattle, wolves, coyotes, cats, and mongooses
Where is the rabies virus predominantly located in infected animals?
Saliva and nervous tissue (brain and nerve cells).
How is the rabies virus transmitted most often?
Bites or scratches.
Saliva from the infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with eyes, mouth or nose.
What animals are responsible for 99% of human rabies cases?
Dogs are responsible for rabies transmission.
What behavioural patterns do animals with “dumb” rabies exhibit?
Appear depressed, lethargic, and uncoordinated.
What are some signs of rabies in dogs?
Excessive salivation,
lethargy,
change in behaviour,
aggression,
hallucinations,
paralysis,
sensitive to stimuli
What was rabies historically referred to and why?
Hydrophobia (fear of water), because its victims panic when offered liquids to drink.
What is the usual incubation period for rabies?
2-3 months, but may vary from one week to one year.
Once rabies’ clinical symptoms appear…
it is virtually 100% fatal.
When does death occur after the first symptoms of rabies?
2 to 10 days after first symptoms.
What are some rabies symptoms in humans?
Hallucinations,
excessive salivation,
light sensitivity,
hydrophobia,
insomnia,
aggression.
How is rabies treated?
-Animal bites and scratches should be immediately and thoroughly washed with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
-Medical advice should then be sought to ensure the appropriate treatment. This could include evaluating risk of wound infection and offering rabies vaccination.
-Before the decision is made to treat an exposed person, the exposing animal is evaluated to determine if it has rabies.
-Wild animals must be euthanized, and their brains are tested for rabies virus. Dogs and cats are usually confined and observed for signs of rabies.
How is rabies prevented?
-29 million people are given rabies vaccine annually.
-KEEP DISTANCE FROM WILDLIFE.
-Vaccinate dogs.
-Public education on dog behaviour and bite prevention.
Who developed the rabies vaccine?
Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux in 1885.
How is the rabies vaccine initially given?
3 doses over 28 days.
How many rabies deaths are there annually?
59,000.
40% of them are children under the age of 15.
What is ringworm/dermaphytosis?
A common fungal infection NOT CAUSED BY WORMS.
How many types of fungi can cause dermaphytosis?
40
How can dermaphytosis be passed on?
Close contact with:
-infected person/animal
-infected objects, such as bedsheets, combs, or towels.
-infected soil (LESS COMMON)
What are ringworm risk factors:
using public showers;
contact sports (wrestling);
excessive sweating;
contact with animals,
obesity;
poor immune function
