Inheritance

Question 1

Who worked out the Structure of DNA?

Answer 1

James Watson and Francis Crick.

Question 2

When was the Structure of DNA worked out?

Answer 2

1953.

Question 3

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 4

What shape is DNA?

Answer 4

DNA is made up of two long strands, arranged in a double helix structure.

Question 5

What does DNA carry?

Answer 5

It carries the genetic code.

Question 6

What is the genetic code?

Answer 6

Genetic code carries all the instructions that a living organism needs to grow, reproduce and function.

Question 7

How is DNA passed on?

Answer 7

DNA is passed on from parents to offspring during fertilization.

Question 8

What are the basic units of DNA?

Answer 8

Nucleotides.

Question 9

What does each nucleotide consist of?

Answer 9

Deoxyribose Sugar,
Phosphate Group,
Nitrogen Base.

Question 10

What are the types of Nitrogen Bases?

Answer 10

A - Adenine
T - Thymine
G - Guanine
C - Cytosine

Question 11

What Nitrogen bases go together?

Answer 11

AT
GC

Question 12

What stays the same in Nucleotides and what differs?

Answer 12

All Nucleotides contain the same phosphate and deoxyribose sugar.
However, they have a different base.

Question 13

What forms the backbone of the nucleotide?

Answer 13

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone.

Question 14

What joins base pairs together?

Answer 14

Hydrogen bonds.

Question 15

What’s a DNA molecule?

Answer 15

Many nucleotides attached together form a chain. Two of these chains form a DNA molecule.

Question 16

When are chromosomes formed?

Answer 16

During cell division, long strands of DNA condense into structures called chromosomes.

Question 17

How many chromosomes are in each cell?

Answer 17

23 pairs (46 chromosomes), half from each parent.

Question 18

What cells contain chromosomes?

Answer 18

All human body cells contain chromosomes except two types.

Question 19

What types of cells don’t contain all chromosomes?

Answer 19

Gametes (sex cells) contain only 23 chromosomes. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) don’t have chromosomes either.

Question 20

What are chromosomes?

Answer 20

Chromosomes are thread-like structures of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. They are located in the nucleus of the cell. Human body cells (except gametes and RBCS) contain 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total).=.

Question 21

Why do RBCs not have chromosomes?

Answer 21

Because they don’t have a nucleus.

Question 22

Where in the cell are chromosomes located?

Answer 22

In the nucleus.

Question 23

Chromosomes are matched based on their…

Answer 23

size and shape

Question 24

What are matching pairs of chromosomes called?

Answer 24

Homologous chromosomes.

Question 25

Homologous roots:

Answer 25

homo=same logos= ratio, proportion

Question 26

Why do human gametes (eggs and sperm) have 23 chromosomes?

Answer 26

When an egg cell is fertilised by a sperm, it becomes a cell with 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). This is why children resemble both of their parents - half of their chromosomes come from their mother and half from their father.

Question 27

How many types of Chromosomes are there?

Answer 27

23 types.

Question 28

What is the 23rd pair of chromosomes called, and why is it significant?

Answer 28

The 23rd pair of chromosomes are called sex chromosomes, and it's significant because these chromosomes decide the gender of the person.

Question 29

What is the 23rd chromosome for girls?

Answer 29

XX

Question 30

What is the 23rd chromosome for boys?

Answer 30

XY

Question 31

What is a gene?

Answer 31

A specific sequence of DNA which contains information to produce a particular protein.

Question 32

What is the function of a gene?

Answer 32

Contains information to produce a particular protein in the body.

Question 33

Example of a gene and the protein it produces?

Answer 33

Gene for keratin production has instructions to produce keratin protein in the hair.

Question 34

Genes usually occur in...

Answer 34

pairs, one from each parent (means you have two copies of each gene).

Question 35

What is a gene?

Answer 35

A specific sequence of DNA which contains information to produce a specific protein. Genes usually occur in pairs, one from each parent.

Question 36

What's a homologous chromosome?

Answer 36

Matching pairs of chromosomes are called chromosomes. One for each parent.

Question 37

What are genomes?

Answer 37

A complete set of gene or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Question 38

What are alleles?

Answer 38

Alternative forms of a gene.

Question 39

What is homozygous?

Answer 39

If the 2 alleles of a gene are the same, we call the individual homozygous.

Question 40

Examples of homozygous alleles?

Answer 40

AA and aa.

Question 41

What is heterozygous?

Answer 41

If the 2 alleles of a gene are different, we describe the individual as being heterozygous.

Question 42

Example of heterozygous?

Answer 42

Aa.

Question 43

What's a genotype?

Answer 43

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 44

What's a phenotype?

Answer 44

A physical expression of a character.

Question 45

Who is Gregor Mendel?

Answer 45

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics. He carried out experiments crossing plants with different characteristics. He determined that: Characteristics are determined by factors within the organism (genes). The factors (genes) can be present in two different forms (alleles).

Question 46

What's co-dependance?

Answer 46

The pattern of inheritance when both alleles are expressed in the genotype is called co-dominance.

Question 47

Example of codomincance?

Answer 47

Flower colour in snap dragons. Red + White Pink