Flashcards in Diseases Deck (17):
1
Respiratory Acidosis
Low pH, high pCO2, high HCO3-
Caused by asthma, bronchitis, obesity, sedatives/anesthetics
2
Respiratory Alkalosis
High pH, low pCO2, low HCO3-
Caused by anxiety/pain, high altitude, hyperventilation
3
Metabolic Acidosis
Low pH, low HCO3-, low pCO2
Caused by renal failure, methanol poisoning, diabetic ketoacidosis
4
Metabolic Alkalosis
High pH, high HCO3-, high pCO2
Caused by acute alkali administration, vomiting, gastric aspiration, diuretics
5
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Prion disease (also Kuru, vCJD (mad cow)
prion protein mutation results in incorrect folding structure - induces normal proteins it contacts to also change conformations
Insoluble aggregate fibers accumulate in brain & result in degeneration of brain
6
Parkinson disease
Results from loss of dopaminergic neurons - lead to tremor, bradykinesia, and postural instability
Formation of Lewy bodies in brain - aggregates of alpha-synuclein that precedes neurodegeneration (induces formation of more Lewy bodies)
7
Alzheimer disease
Most common cause of dementia
Plaque (containing amyloid-beta) and fibrillary tangles (containing tau) form in brain
amyloid-beta seed plaque formation, abnormal tau seeds fiber tangle formation
8
Sickle cell anemia
Mutation replacing glutamate with valine on beta chain of Hb creates a sticky hydrophobic patch
In T-form patch is exposed and RBC fibers change shape to shield patch - sickle shape, weak cell, blocks blood vessels & damages organs
9
Scurvy
lack of ascorbate (vitamin C) prevents formation of hydroxyproline & hydroxylysine - essential for stability of triple helices in collagen fibrils
Blood vessels, tendons, and skin become fragile
10
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
connective tissue disorders - skin fragility, hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility
Mutations in collagen proteins or proteins required for collagen processing
11
osteogenesis imperfecta
brittle bone diseases - fragile bones, loss of hearing
Can be lethal or simply slightly reduced one mass
12
chronic lactic acidosis
primarily caused in kids by PDH deficiency
severe neurological problems
frequently fatal
13
Thiamin (B1; TPP) deficiency
caused mainly by poor diets in alcoholics, elderly, and low income groups
Early symptoms include constipation, nausea, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy
14
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
advanced thiamin (B1) deficiency
seen in alcoholics
Mental confusion, ataxia, loss of eye coordination
15
Beri-beri
severe dietary deficiency (esp. thiamin, B1)
Neuromuscular symptoms - muscle weakness, atrophy, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidemia
16
Essential fructosuria
No fructokinase, no uptake of fructose into the liver
benign - fructose eliminated
17