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Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Honeycombing, Ground glass infiltrate, older >60yrs, smoking associated, heterogeneous fibrosis, subpleural, mostly in bases, fibroblastic foci

A

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Usual Interstitial Fibrosis)

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2
Q

Ground glass infiltrate, younger patients, homogeneous fibrosis

A

Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

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3
Q

Bronchiolocentric accumulation of dusty brown macrophages, peribronchiolar fibrosis, smoking associated

A

Respiratory Bronchiolitis (RB-ILD)

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4
Q

Dusty brown macrophages filing distal airspace, smoking associated

A

Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP)

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5
Q

Young patients, cysts and nodules, 15% have extrapulmonary disease, smoking related

A

Langerhans Cells Histiocytosis (LCH)

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6
Q

Hyaline membranes, septal thickening, not responsive to therapy

A

Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (associated with Idiopathic ARDS)

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7
Q

Noninfectious pneumonia, bilateral fuzzy nodules, intraluminal plugs of granulation tissue, steroid responsive

A

Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP)

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8
Q

Associated with autoimmune or immunodeficiency, centrilobar nodules, treat with immunosuppressive

A

Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia

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9
Q

Mimics ARDS, diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates, eosinophilic septal infiltrates, steroid responsive

A

Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia

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10
Q

Common in women and nonsmokers, eosinophilic inflitrates, macrophages fibrosis, steroid responsive

A

Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia

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11
Q

Only seen in young women, have obstructive PFTs, pleural effusions and spontaneous pneumos common, proliferation of smooth muscle tissue, mTOR or anti-estrogen therapy

A

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

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12
Q

Response to antigen, acute or chronic (chronic has fibrosis), upper-lobe predominant, inflammation with poorly formed granulomas

A

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

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13
Q

Lymphadenopathy, PFTs vary, more common in African Americans in the US, non-caseating granulomas

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Caused by strep pneumoniae, treat with macrolide or doxycycline

A

Community acquired Pneumonia

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15
Q

Gram negative pathogens (SPACE - Serratia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter or E. Coli) or MRSA

A

Hospital, Ventillator, or Healthcare Acquired Pneumonia

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16
Q

Productive cough >3months, hypertrophy of submucosal glands, smooth muscle and goblet cell proliferation, normal DLCO, treatment includes decreasing muscle tone (inhaled beta agonists or anticholinergics) and decreasing inflammation (corticosteroids)

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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17
Q

Centri or Panacinar, diminished breath sounds, hyperresonant, decreased DLCO, disease of parenchyma

A

Emphysema

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18
Q

Extrinsic (response to allergen, IgE) or Intrinsic (post-viral injury, aspirin-sensitivity), expiratory wheezing, airway remodeling due to chronic inflammation, responds to beta-agonist

A

Asthma

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19
Q

Dilation of proximal bronchi, impaired tracheobronchial clearing results in chronic infections, treat with chest physical therapy and antibiotics, caused by infection, CF, bronchial obstruction, cilia defects (Katageners), cartilage defects

A

Bronchiectisis

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20
Q

Recurrent infections leading to bronchiectesis, pancreatic insufficiency, more common in caucasians, treat with chest physical therapy, nebulized hypertonic solution

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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21
Q

Usually infectious in kids and non-infectious in adults, inspiratory squeak due to late opening of inflamed bronchioles

A

Bronchiolitis

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22
Q

Inspiratory stridor, flow-volume loop with flattened inspiration, mimics asthma

A

Vocal Chord Dysfunction

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23
Q

Edema of face, upper torso, neck, altered mental status, treated with steroids and standard chemo

A

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

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24
Q

Hamman’s sign, can progress to a pneumo, usually self resolves

A

Pneumomediastinum

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25
Thymic neoplasm, teritomas, terrible lymphoma, thyroid neoplasm
Terrible T's - most common malignant tumors of the anterior-superior mediastinum
26
Lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, developmental cysts, vascular enlargements, diaphragmatic hernia
Common Middle Mediastinal masses
27
Neurogenic tumor, meningocele, esophageal lesion, diaphragmatic hernia
Common Posterior Mediastinal masses
28
Hyperresonant percussion, absent breath sounds, decreased fremitus
Pneumothorax - can become tension pneumo with structures pushed toward contralateral side
29
Decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, decreased fremitus, transudative or exudative
Pleural effusion
30
What are the four most common causes of chronic cough in adults?
Upper Airway Cough Syndrome (tickle in airway, due to postnasal drip), Asthma, GERD, and Non-Asthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis (NAEB)
31
Linked to smoking, proximal lesions, keratin pearls, p53, Rb, and p16 mutations common, surgical resection, hypercalcemia
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC)
32
Common in women and non-smokers, peripheral, mucin +, KRAS mutations common, surgical resection
Adenocarcinoma (NSCLC)
33
Undifferentiated cancer, associated with smoking, peripheral or central
Large Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC)
34
Neuroendocrine (Kulchitsky) cells, common in male smokers, produces ADH/ACTH, chromogranin +, chemotherapy treatment only
Small Cell Carcinoma
35
Latent onset, temporal pattern, most common occupational lung disease
Occupational Asthma
36
No latency, exposure to irritable inhalants, majority will have persistent asthma
Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome
37
Asbestos exposure, not related to smoking, restrictive PFTs, plaques
Mesothelioma
38
Inflammation and fibrosis due to inhalation of coal mine dust, "dust macule"
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis (Black Lung)
39
Calcified mediastinal nodes, progresses to include upper lobes, lungs fill with protein fluid, total lung lavage
Silicosis
40
Granulomatous, latent, restrictive PFTs, BeLPT in blood
Chronic Beryllium Disease
41
Benign congenital disease, most common cause of persistent stridor in kids, usually resolve spontaneously
Laryngomalacia
42
Caused primarily by viruses, barking cough, fever usually absent or low grade, if it progresses to stridor at rest pts require nebulized epi and glucocorticos
Croup
43
Medical emergency, caused by H. influenzae B, sudden onset of fever, sniffing dog position, drooling, dysphagia, need immediate intubation
Epiglottitis
44
Usually caused by S. aureus, develop fever and upper airway obstruction, copious purulent tracheal secretions, intubate
Bacterial Tracheitis
45
RSV most common cause, rhinorrhea, wheezing, clinical diagnosis of URI, tachypnea, and hypoxemia, best treatment is prevention
Bronchiolitis
46
30% of infants with birth weight
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
47
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Usual Interstitial Fibrosis)
Honeycombing, Ground glass infiltrate, older >60yrs, smoking associated, heterogeneous fibrosis, subpleural, mostly in bases, fibroblastic foci
48
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia
Ground glass infiltrate, younger patients, homogeneous fibrosis
49
Respiratory Bronchiolitis (RB-ILD)
Bronchiolocentric accumulation of dusty brown macrophages, peribronchiolar fibrosis, smoking associated
50
Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP)
Dusty brown macrophages filing distal airspace, smoking associated
51
Langerhans Cells Histiocytosis (LCH)
Young patients, cysts and nodules, 15% have extrapulmonary disease, smoking related
52
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (associated with Idiopathic ARDS)
Hyaline membranes, septal thickening, not responsive to therapy
53
Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP)
Noninfectious pneumonia, bilateral fuzzy nodules, intraluminal plugs of granulation tissue, steroid responsive
54
Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia
Associated with autoimmune or immunodeficiency, centrilobar nodules, treat with immunosuppressive
55
Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Mimics ARDS, diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates, eosinophilic septal infiltrates, steroid responsive
56
Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Common in women and nonsmokers, eosinophilic inflitrates, macrophages fibrosis, steroid responsive
57
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Only seen in young women, have obstructive PFTs, pleural effusions and spontaneous pneumos common, proliferation of smooth muscle tissue, mTOR or anti-estrogen therapy
58
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Response to antigen, acute or chronic (chronic has fibrosis), upper-lobe predominant, inflammation with poorly formed granulomas
59
Sarcoidosis
Lymphadenopathy, PFTs vary, more common in African Americans in the US, non-caseating granulomas
60
Community acquired Pneumonia
Caused by strep pneumoniae, treat with macrolide or doxycycline
61
Hospital, Ventillator, or Healthcare Acquired Pneumonia
Gram negative pathogens (SPACE - Serratia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter or E. Coli) or MRSA
62
Chronic Bronchitis
Productive cough >3months, hypertrophy of submucosal glands, smooth muscle and goblet cell proliferation, normal DLCO, treatment includes decreasing muscle tone (inhaled beta agonists or anticholinergics) and decreasing inflammation (corticosteroids)
63
Emphysema
Centri or Panacinar, diminished breath sounds, hyperresonant, decreased DLCO, disease of parenchyma
64
Asthma
Extrinsic (response to allergen, IgE) or Intrinsic (post-viral injury, aspirin-sensitivity), expiratory wheezing, airway remodeling due to chronic inflammation, responds to beta-agonist
65
Bronchiectisis
Dilation of proximal bronchi, impaired tracheobronchial clearing results in chronic infections, treat with chest physical therapy and antibiotics, caused by infection, CF, bronchial obstruction, cilia defects (Katageners), cartilage defects
66
Cystic Fibrosis
Recurrent infections leading to bronchiectesis, pancreatic insufficiency, more common in caucasians, treat with chest physical therapy, nebulized hypertonic solution
67
Bronchiolitis
Usually infectious in kids and non-infectious in adults, inspiratory squeak due to late opening of inflamed bronchioles
68
Vocal Chord Dysfunction
Inspiratory stridor, flow-volume loop with flattened inspiration, mimics asthma
69
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Edema of face, upper torso, neck, altered mental status, treated with steroids and standard chemo
70
Pneumomediastinum
Hamman's sign, can progress to a pneumo, usually self resolves
71
Terrible T's - most common malignant tumors of the anterior-superior mediastinum
Thymic neoplasm, teritomas, terrible lymphoma, thyroid neoplasm
72
Common Middle Mediastinal masses
Lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, developmental cysts, vascular enlargements, diaphragmatic hernia
73
Common Posterior Mediastinal masses
Neurogenic tumor, meningocele, esophageal lesion, diaphragmatic hernia
74
Pneumothorax - can become tension pneumo with structures pushed toward contralateral side
Hyperresonant percussion, absent breath sounds, decreased fremitus
75
Pleural effusion
Decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, decreased fremitus, transudative or exudative
76
Upper Airway Cough Syndrome (tickle in airway, due to postnasal drip), Asthma, GERD, and Non-Asthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis (NAEB)
What are the four most common causes of chronic cough in adults?
77
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC)
Linked to smoking, proximal lesions, keratin pearls, p53, Rb, and p16 mutations common, surgical resection, hypercalcemia
78
Adenocarcinoma (NSCLC)
Common in women and non-smokers, peripheral, mucin +, KRAS mutations common, surgical resection
79
Large Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC)
Undifferentiated cancer, associated with smoking, peripheral or central
80
Small Cell Carcinoma
Neuroendocrine (Kulchitsky) cells, common in male smokers, produces ADH/ACTH, chromogranin +, chemotherapy treatment only
81
Occupational Asthma
Latent onset, temporal pattern, most common occupational lung disease
82
Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome
No latency, exposure to irritable inhalants, majority will have persistent asthma
83
Mesothelioma
Asbestos exposure, not related to smoking, restrictive PFTs, plaques
84
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis (Black Lung)
Inflammation and fibrosis due to inhalation of coal mine dust, "dust macule"
85
Silicosis
Calcified mediastinal nodes, progresses to include upper lobes, lungs fill with protein fluid, total lung lavage
86
Chronic Beryllium Disease
Granulomatous, latent, restrictive PFTs, BeLPT in blood
87
Laryngomalacia
Benign congenital disease, most common cause of persistent stridor in kids, usually resolve spontaneously
88
Croup
Caused primarily by viruses, barking cough, fever usually absent or low grade, if it progresses to stridor at rest pts require nebulized epi and glucocorticos
89
Epiglottitis
Medical emergency, caused by H. influenzae B, sudden onset of fever, sniffing dog position, drooling, dysphagia, need immediate intubation
90
Bacterial Tracheitis
Usually caused by S. aureus, develop fever and upper airway obstruction, copious purulent tracheal secretions, intubate
91
Bronchiolitis
RSV most common cause, rhinorrhea, wheezing, clinical diagnosis of URI, tachypnea, and hypoxemia, best treatment is prevention
92
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
30% of infants with birth weight

Pulmonary (2 decks)

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