Diseases Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Roseola
A
exanthem subitem, 6th disease, 3-day fever
HHV6
spares face
2
Q
ecthyma gangrenosum
A
pseudomonas
3
Q
erysiplas
A
strep pyogenes
4
Q
syphilis
A
t. pallium Th1 cells 1* painless chancre 2* hand and foot macules 3* gummas
5
Q
tinea
A
branching septate
6
Q
pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor)
A
spaghetti and meatballs
7
Q
candida
A
pseudohyphae
8
Q
SLE HSR
A
Type 1 and type 3
9
Q
SLE antibodies
A
ANA
anti-ds DNA
anti-PL
anti-Smith
10
Q
acute cutaneous lupus
A
- Malar rash on face
- Well demarcated erythematous rash on hands with knuckles spared
- Can blister, worse in sunlight, no scarring
- Histo: interface dermatitis, necrosis and vacuolization, mucin
11
Q
subacute lupus
A
- Erythematous macules and papules, that become hyperkeratotic plaques
- Photosensitive, no scarring, can leave telangiectasia or hypopigmentation
- Ro antibodies
- Drug induced 30% - HCTZ, CCBs
12
Q
discoid lupus
A
not systemic
only cutaneous
• Sharply demarcated round indurated plaques on neck and face
• Hyperkeratosis, dermal atrophy, hypopigmentation, follicular plugging, scars
13
Q
drug induced lupus
A
- Classic – procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin; have anti histone Abs
- Exacerbated – HCTZ, CCBs, ACEi; have Ro Abs (Ro also associated w/ neonatal)
14
Q
CREST syn
A
C – calcinosis R – Raynauds E – Esophageal dysmotility S – Sclerodactyly T – Telangiectasia
15
Q
limited scleroderma antibodies
A
anti-centromere antibodies
16
Q
diffuse scleroderma antibodies
A
anti-DNA topo (anti-Scl 70)
17
Q
allergic contact dermatitis HSR
A
cell mediated type 4
18
Q
lichen planus HSR
A
Type 4 Tcell mediated delayed HSR, CD8+, Th1 and Th2
19
Q
lichen planus associations
A
hepatitis C
20
Q
eczema gene
A
FLG filaggrin protein
21
Q
pityriasis rosea
A
HHV6/7
exact same rash as secondary syphilis
test w/ RPR
22
Q
4 changes that happen in OA
A
- More water content
- More collagenase
- Thin type 2 collagen fibers
- Decrease in proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
23
Q
RA antibodies
A
anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA or anti-CCP)
RF IgM against Fc portion of IgG
24
Q
RA HSR
A
type 4 delayed
25
Seronegative Spondylarthritis gene
HLA-B27
26
epidermolysis bullosa types and genes
* Simplex type – gene mutations in keratins 5 and 14, suprabasilar
* Junctional type – type XVII collagen or LAMB3 (laminin-332) in lamina lucida
* Dystrophic type – COL7A1 mutation in anchoring fibrils below lamina densa
27
dysplastic nevus gene
CDK2NA for CDK4
| BRAF
28
dysplastic nevus treatment
vermurafenib
29
pemphigous vulgaris antibodies and HSR
dsg1 and dsg2
| type 2 HSR
30
pemphigous vulgaris blister type and split
flaccid blister
| intraepidermal split
31
pemphigous vulgaris clinical
intraepdermal split with flaccid blisters
mouth sores
very painful
Net like IF
32
bullous pemphigoid antibodies and HSR
BPA1 and BPA2
| type 2 HSR
33
bullous pemphigoid blister type and split
tense blister
| subepidermal split
34
dermatitis herpetiformis blister type and split
tense blister
| subepidermal split
35
dermatitis herpetiformis antibodies
IgA
anti-glidin
gluten
36
scalded skin syndrome
antibody
culture
dsg1
| negative culture bc systemic toxins
37
erythema multiforme associations
HSV1
| mycoplasma pneumo
38
drugs that cause SJS
```
SATAN
sulfa
allopurinol
tetracycline
anticonvulsants
NSAIDs
```
39
squamous cell carcinoma gene
TP53
| via pyrimidine dimers and double strand breaks
40
basal cell carcinoma gene
PTCH1 (SHH receptor)
41
acquired melanocytic nevi types
* Junctional – macular, flat, nests in epidermis
* Compound – elevated, lighter, nests in epidermis and dermis
* Dermal – most elevated, lighter, nests in dermis
42
what do you treat ocular rosacea with?
doxycycline
43
exanthematous (morbilliform) drug rxn
limited to skin
lesions appear on trunk and centrifugally to extremities
T cell mediated
interface dermatitis
44
fixed drug eruption
reoccurence of sub-epidermal blister at same site each time
45
erythema multiforme symptoms
target lesion on hands
46
dermatomyositis buzz words (4)
heliotrope rash
gottron's papules
shawl sign
mechanic hands
47
dermatomyositis inflammation type and pathology
perimysial and perifasiciular inflammation with B cells and CD4 T cells
48
polymyositis inflammation type and pathology
endomysial inflammation with CD8 T cells
49
inclusion body myositis differentiating factor
rimmed vacuoles
50
necrotizing myositis association
statins
51
Sjogren's antibodiees
SSA (Ro) SSB (La)
52
osteosarcoma radiology findings and bone type
codman triangle
sunburst appearance
Mineralized bone
53
ewing sarcoma translocation and symptoms
t(11;22)
| Fever, redness, pain, swelling periosteal reaction
54
myxoid round cell variant liposarcoma translocation
t(12;16)
55
osteogenesis imperfecta buzzwords
blue sclera
| type 1 collagen
56
sarcoidosis skin and labs buzzwords
apple jelly lesion
Hypercalcemia
High ACE
57
erythema nodosum buzzwords
tender without ulcers
septal panniculitis
TB
58
livedo reticularis antibodies and clinical
anti-phospholipid Ab
| net like pattern that is better in warm, worse in cold
59
5 Ps of compartment syndrome
pain, paresthesia, paresis, pallor and pulselessness
60
sclerostin
regulates bone inhibition
| from osteocytes
61
cathepsin K
protease that degrades collagen from osteoclasts
62
increased bone resorption is caused by what levels of what 3 things?
high PTH
low estrogen
low vit D
63
colles fracture
distal radius fracture not involving wrist joint
| silver fork deformity
64
deQuervain’s disease
inflammation of retinaculum leading to tendon bunching of ext. pollicis bervis and abd pollicis longus
pain on fist and ulnar deviation
65
Dupuytren’s disease (palmar fibromatosis)
palmar aponeurosis thickening and shortening due to myofibroblasts
contractures
66
3 types of incomplete pediatric fractures
bowing
torus/buckle
greenstick
67
3 types of apophysitis
* Osgood Schlatter – tibial tubercle of knee
* Sever’s Disease – calcaneus at Achilles tendon
* Sinding-Larsen-Johnson – patellar apophysis
68
movement that causes ACL tear
pivoting during acceleration or deceleration
69
movement that causes meniscus tear
twisting injury with knee flexed and foot planted
70
femoral neck of femur fracture appearance
leg is externally rotated and shortened
71
posterior hip dislocation appearance
FADIR (flexed, adducted, internally rotated)
72
anterior hip dislocation appearance
FABER (flexed, abducted, externally rotated)
73
movement that causes ankle sprain
inversion injury with ankle planted
74
HSR of vasculitis
type 3
| autoantibody ANCA
75
giant cell arteritis
carotid and temporal aa.
granulomas
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
76
takayasu arteritis
aortic arch and branches, absent pulses
77
polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)
transmural necrotizing inflammation
| string of pearls
78
kawasaki (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)
asian children with erythema of palms and soles
79
buerger's vasculitis (thrombangiitis obliterans)
young male smokers
tobacco antigen
non-atherosclerotic
80
granulomatosis with polyangiitis / Wegener’s / GPA
sinus, pulmonary, renal
| PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA) +
81
eosinophilic / Churg-Strauss / EGPA
asthma, allergic rhinitis, lung, eosinophilia, cardiomyopathy
82
microscopic / MPA
MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA) +
83
goodpasture's antiobodies
anti-GBM
84
IgA vasculitis
children with tetrad of palpable purpura, colicky abdominal pain, renal disease and arthritis
85
muscle contraction nerve fiber type
a-alpha
86
sensation nerve fiber type
a-beta
87
pain nerve fiber type
a-delta, c-fibers
88
nerves from upper roots C5 and C6
```
Shoulder stability and motion
• Dorsal scapular
• Long thoracic
• Suprascapular
Elbow flexion
• Musculocutaneous
```
89
nerves from lower roots C7 C8 T1
Elbow, finger and wrist
• Ulnar
• Median
• Radial
90
Horner's syndrome
injury to C8 or T1
| sympathetic fibers supplying the face, eyelid and ciliary muscles that causes unilateral, partial ptosis and miosis
91
injuries to upper brachial plexus symptoms
bad shoulder, poor elbow flexion and good hand
92
injuries to lower brachial plexus symptoms
bad hand, some or no shoulder, Horner’s syndrome
93
erb's palsy
upper plexus injury, arm at side, internally rotated, wrist flexed
94
causes for gout
```
• Under excretion – kidney
Diuretics, CKD, volume depletion
• Over production – enzyme defect, tumor
HGPRT deficiency, psoriasis, alcohol
• Other factors
Male, older age, pacific islander, HGPRT, URAT1, GLUT9, beer, obesity, drugs, meat, seafood, lead
```
95
gout microscopy
yellow negatively birefringent needle shaped crystals
96
pseudogout microscopy
positively birefringent rod or rhomboid shaped
97
infectious agents for acute monoarticular septic arthritis
staph, strep pyogenes, strep pneumo, Neisseria, candida
98
infectious agents for chronic monoarticular septic arthritis
myco tuberculosis, borrelia, t pallidum, nocardia, brucella, candida, aspergillus, sporothrix, coccido, blasto, crypto
99
infectious agents for polyarticular septic arthritis
neisseria, myo tuberculosis, strep (rheumatic fever), candida, chikungunya, HBV, parvo B19, HIV, rubella
100
diagnose Lyme
* ELISA IgM and IgG 2-4 weeks
| * Western blot for IgM to confirm
101
TB spine disease
POTTS
kyphosis
caseating granulomas
102
syhphilitc bone infection
Saber shin
103
red flags for back pain
incontinence
fever, chills, drug abuse
unexplained weight loss
neurological changes
104
L5 defect will cause
cant walk on heels
Toe extensor
Loss of sensation on dorsum of foot
105
S1 defect will cause
cant walk on toes
| Achilles reflex
106
cauda equina syndrome
bilateral leg pain
saddle anesthesia
incontinence
107
spinal stenosis gets better in what position
flexion
| i.e bent over stroller
108
cervica spondylotic myelopathy
clumsy hands
stiff legs
unsteady gait
109
3 types of odontoid fractures
1 - tip; alar ligament
2 - process; requires traction and halo
3 - base; fuses well with halo
110
hangman's fracture
bilateral pedicle fracture with subluxation of C2 on C3
111
3 features of neurogenic sock
hypotension
bradycardia
hypothermia
112
Osgood Schlatter
Apophysitis of tibial tubercle of knee
113
Sever’s Disease
Apophysitis of calcaneus at Achilles tendon
114
Sinding-Larsen-Johnson
patellar apophysis
115
Plasma cell myeloma buzzwords
Anemia
Hypercalceima
Pathologic bone fracture
116
where does osteoma occur
facial bones and skull
117
osteoid osteoma responds to what
aspirin
118
osteoblastoma
in vertebrae
| does not respond to aspirin
119
osteosarcoma buzz words
sunburst
codman's angle
lifted periosteum
pathologic fracture
120
giant cell tumor occurs where in bone layer
epiphysis
| soap bubble lesions and giant cells
121
labs in osteomalacia
low Ca and PO4
| high AP and PTH
122
labs in osteoporosis
NORMAL
123
labs in Pagets
high AP
124
pancreatitic panniculitis case
alcoholic with sudden severe abdominal pain and tender nodules on legs
lobular panniculititis
125
cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis
palpable purpura with fever, pain
immune complex mediated, PMNs and fibrin
allopurinol, viral
126
Humerus fracture signs
Wrist drop from radial n.
Avascular necrosis from surgical neck
Thumb extension fail from radial n. In spiral groove
127
Keratin positive with spindle cell tumor
Synovial sarcoma
| T(x;18)
128
Lichen planus pathology
Hypergranulosis
CD8 T cells
Interface dermatitis
Band like
