Disinfection

Question 1

Disinfection (2)

Answer 1

1. Less lethal than sterilization

2. Eliminates most pathogens except bact. spores

Question 2

Efficacy of disinfections

Answer 2

Function of surface, contact time, product, dilution

Question 3

Disinfection protocols

Answer 3

500 sq foot room = $1.35

Question 4

Cleaning and disinfection protocol (7)

Answer 4

1. remove all grossly visible debris
2. Wash area or item with water and detergent
3. Thoroughly rinse cleaned area to remove detergent
4. Allow area to dry completely
5. Select/apply appropriate disinfectant
6. Allow proper contact time
7. Thoroughly rinse disinfectant, allow to dry

Question 5

Examples of bacterial spores (Diff. to kill) (2)

Answer 5

1. Bacillus

2. Clostridium

Question 6

Easily killed bact (2)

Answer 6

1. Strep

2. Staph

Question 7

Enveloped viruses (6)

Answer 7

1. Herpes
2. Distemper
3. FIV
4. FeLV
5. FIP
6. Rabies

Question 8

Levels of microbial disinfection

Answer 8

1. High - most stuff
   > 3 hours
2. Intermediate - Doesn’t eliminate spores
   > 20 min
3. Low - syn: sanitization; no effect NE viruses and spores
   > 5 min

Question 9

Special concerns for disinfectants (3)

Answer 9

1. Efficacy
2. Avoiding toxicity: cats sens to phenols
3. Effects on humans: airway irritation, contact dermatitis
   - Sensitizers
   - Irritants

Question 10

Gram pos assoc with biofilms (3)

Answer 10

1. strep
2. staph aureus
3. e. faecalis

Question 11

Gram neg assoc with biofilms (4)

Answer 11

1. E. coli
2. Pseudomonas aer
3. Klebsiella pneum
4. Proteus mirabilis

Question 12

Canine core vaccines (4)

Answer 12

1. Canine adenovirus - 2 (CAV-2) (MLV parenteral)
2. Canine distemper virus (CDV) (MLV or rCDV)
3. Canine Parvovirus (CPV-2) (MLV)
4. Rabies 1 yr killed or 3 yr killed

Question 13

Canine non-core (3)

Answer 13

1. Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) (MLF-parenteral)
   - frequently considered core
2. Bordetella bronchiseptica (killed bacterin-parenteral; cell wall antigen extract-parenteral)
3. Bordetella bronchiseptica (live avirulent bacteria) + parainfluenza virus (MLV) - intranasal application

Question 14

Canine at-risk vaccines (2)

Answer 14

1. Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme borreliosis; killed whole bacterin)
2. Borrelia burgdorferi (rLyme borreliosis) (recombinant-Outer surface protein A [OspA])

Question 15

Canine NOT RECOMMENDED (5)

Answer 15

1. canine parvovirus (CPV-2)(killed)
2. Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAV-1)(MLV and killed)
3. Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAV-2)(killed or MLV-oral admin)
4. Canine coronavirus (CCV)(killed and MLV)
5. Leptospira interrogans

Question 16

Feline core vaxs (5)

Answer 16

1. Feline Calicivirus (FCV)
2. Feline Herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1)
3. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) all kittens
4. Panleukopenia virus (FPV)
5. Rabies

Question 17

Feline non-Core recommended esp outside cats

Answer 17

FeLV - test before admin vax

Question 18

Feline at risk vax (2)

Answer 18

1. Bordetella bronchiseptica: intranasal

2. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

Question 19

Vax efficacy: Prevents infection

Answer 19

ONLY if prevents ALL colonization or replication of challenge microbe in vaccinates

Question 20

Vax efficacy: Prevents disease

Answer 20

Highly effective in preventing clinical z in vaccinates, 85% confidence interval must be at least 80%.

Question 21

Vax efficacy: Aid in dz prevention

Answer 21

Prevent dz by clinically significant amount (< for prevention claim)

Question 22

Vax efficacy: limited protection

Answer 22

reduce challenge microbe shedding, prevent specific clinical sign, prevent mortality

Question 23

Vax failure: host factors

Answer 23

1. Immunodeficiencies
2. Maternal antibody interference
3. Age
4. Pregnancy - avoid modified live

Question 24

Vax failure: vax factors

Answer 24

1. vax poorly immunogenic
2. post manufacture - incorrect storage/transport
3. Disinfectant used on needles and syringes
4. Overwhelming exposure: too many vaxs at once

Question 25

Vax failure: human error

Answer 25

1. Improper mixing 2. exposure at time of vax visit 3. concurrent use antimicrobial drugs/immunosuppressive drugs 4. Too frequent admin (< 2 wk intervals) 5. Wrong route admin

Question 26

Only practical way to ensure puppy's immune syst has recognized vax antigen

Answer 26

Test for Ab