Disorders

Question 1

Abnormal acidity of body fluids. Respiratory acidosis is caused by abnormally high
carbon dioxide levels

Answer 1

acidosis

Question 2

Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure; causes include
trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung

Answer 2

acute respiratory distress

syndrome (ARDS)

Question 3

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of
watery mucus, as seen in the common cold

Answer 3

acute rhinitis

Question 4

Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by abnormally low
carbon dioxide levels

Answer 4

alkalosis

Question 5

The accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into the lungs. Also means
the withdrawal of fluid from a cavity by suction

Answer 5

aspiration

Question 6

A disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial
tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes

Answer 6

asthma

Question 7

Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of a lung; lung collapse. May be present at
birth (as in respiratory distress syndrome) or be caused by bronchial obstruction or
compression of lung tissue

Answer 7

atelectasis

Question 8

Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi

Answer 8

bronchiectasis

Question 9

Inflammation of a bronchus

Answer 9

bronchitis

Question 10

Any of a group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which
includes emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis

Answer 10

chronic obstructive 
pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 11

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood

Answer 11

cyanosis

Question 12

An inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands.
Characterized by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing obstruction and leading
to infection

Answer 12

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 13

Acute infectious disease, usually limited to the upper respiratory tract, characterized by
the formation of a surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and coagulated material

Answer 13

diphtheria

Question 14

Difficult or labored breathing, sometimes with pain; “air hunger”

Answer 14

dyspnea

Question 15

A chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and destruction of the
alveoli

Answer 15

emphysema

Question 16

Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space; pyothorax

Answer 16

empyema

Question 17

The spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract

Answer 17

hemoptysis

Question 18

Presence of blood in the pleural space

Answer 18

hemothorax

Question 19

Presence of fluid in the pleural space

Answer 19

hydrothorax

Question 20

Increased rate and depth of breathing; increase in the amount of air entering the
alveoli

Answer 20

hyperventilation

Question 21

Decreased rate and depth of breathing; decrease in the amount of air entering the
alveoli

Answer 21

hypoventilation

Question 22

An acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle
pain; “flu”

Answer 22

influenza

Question 23

An acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in a whooping inspiration; whooping cough

Answer 23

pertussis

Question 24

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid may contain blood (hemothorax) 
or pus (pyothorax or empyema)

Answer 24

pleural effusion

Question 25

Inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis. A symptom of ___ is sharp pain on
breathing

Answer 25

pleurisy

Question 26

Disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of dust particles. Named more
specifically by the type of dust inhaled, such as silicosis, anthracosis, asbestosis

Answer 26

pneumoconiosis

Question 27

Inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection. May involve the bronchioles 
and alveoli (bronchopneumonia) or one or more lobes of the lung (lobar pneumonia)

Answer 27

pneumonia

Question 28

Inflammation of the lungs; may be caused by infection, asthma, allergy, or inhalation
of irritants

Answer 28

pneumonitis

Question 29

Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space. May result from injury or disease or
may be produced artificially to collapse a lung

Answer 29

pneumothorax

Question 30

Accumulation of pus in the pleural space; empyema

Answer 30

pyothorax

Question 31

A respiratory disorder that affects premature infants born without enough surfactant
in the lungs. It is treated with respiratory support and surfactant administration

Answer 31

Respiratory distress

syndrome (RDS)

Question 32

The sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant; crib death

Answer 32

sudden infant death

syndrome (SIDS)

Question 33

An infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Often involves the lungs but may involve other parts of the body as well. Miliary
(MIL-ē-ar-ē) tuberculosis is an acute generalized form of the disease with formation of
minute tubercles that resemble millet seeds

Answer 33

tuberculosis