Normal structure and function

Question 1

Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 1

adenoids

Question 2

The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere
and the blood in respiration. An ___, in general, is a small hollow
or cavity; the term also applies to the bony socket for a tooth

Answer 2

alveoli

Question 3

One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes

Answer 3

bronchiole

Question 4

One of the larger air passageways in the lungs. The bronchi begin as two branches of the
trachea and then subdivide within the lungs

Answer 4

bronchus

Question 5

A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs

Answer 5

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 6

An acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water; H2CO3

Answer 6

carbonic acid

Question 7

A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure. ____ is reduced in many
types of respiratory disorders

Answer 7

compliance

Question 8

The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration

Answer 8

diaphragm

Question 9

A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from
entering the trachea

Answer 9

epiglottis

Question 10

The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released;
sputum

Answer 10

expectoration

Question 11

The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation

Answer 11

expiration

Question 12

The opening between the vocal cords

Answer 12

glottis

Question 13

The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

Answer 13

hemoglobin

Question 14

The act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation

Answer 14

inspiration

Question 15

The enlarged, superior portion of the trachea that contains the vocal cords

Answer 15

larynx

Question 16

A cone-shaped, spongy respiratory organ contained within the thorax

Answer 16

lung

Question 17

The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space

Answer 17

mediastinum

Question 18

The organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell;
includes an external portion and an internal nasal cavity

Answer 18

nose

Question 19

The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism

Answer 19

oxygen (O2)

Question 20

The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx; usually
meant when the term tonsils is used alone

Answer 20

palatine tonsils

Question 21

The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the
larynx

Answer 21

pharynx

Question 22

The nerve that activates the diaphragm

Answer 22

phrenic nerve

Question 23

A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the
lungs

Answer 23

pleura

Question 24

The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura; pleural cavity

Answer 24

pleural space

Question 25

The movement of air into and out of the lungs

Answer 25

pulmonary ventilation

Question 26

A cavity or channel; the paranasal sinuses are located near the nose and drain into the nasal
cavity

Answer 26

sinus

Question 27

The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat; expectoration. It may contain a
variety of material from the respiratory tract

Answer 27

sputum

Question 28

A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion

Answer 28

surfactant

Question 29

The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi

Answer 29

trachea

Question 30

The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell. Also
called conchae

Answer 30

turbinate bones

Question 31

Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production.
Also called vocal folds

Answer 31

vocal cords

Question 32

A projection of the lowest tracheal cartilage that forms a ridge between the two bronchi. Used as a landmark for endoscopy. Any ridge or ridge-like structure (from a Latin
word that means “keel”)

Answer 32

carina

Question 33

An anatomic depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter

Answer 33

hilum

Question 34

The external openings of the nose; the nostrils

Answer 34

nares

Question 35

The partition that divides the nasal cavity into two parts

Answer 35

nasal septum