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Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

sign in plateau iris

A

sine-wave sign

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2
Q

plateau iris - PAS formation

A

begins at Schwalbe line and extends posteriorly

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3
Q

ICE syndrome - features, glaucoma more severe in…

A

vessels cross TM, high PAS extend over Schwalbe line, uni, F 20-50, glaucoma more severe in essential iris atrophy and Cogan Reese

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4
Q

ICE syndrome - cornea

A

beaten bronze metal

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5
Q

Cogan-Reese syndrome

A

multiple, pedunculated iris nodules

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6
Q

Chandler syndrome

A

corneal edema

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7
Q

Essential iris atrophy

A

corectopia and hole formation

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8
Q

ICE syndrome - which variant is the most common

A

Chandler syndrome

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9
Q

angle recession - definition

A

tear in the ciliary body, typically between the longitudinal and circular muscle fibers

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10
Q

angle recession - features in gonioscopy

A

torn or absent iris processes, “glistening” scleral spur, depression in TM, PAS at the border of recession

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11
Q

Posner-Schlossman - uni or bi, sex, age, virus, features, what if steroids and lowering IOP does not help

A

uni, M, 20-30 yo, (pylori,HSC), CMV, diffuse iris atrophy, absent PAS, topical 2% ganciclovir, then oral Vanganciclovir

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12
Q

Where notches of optic disc in early glaucoma

A

inferior and superior temporal

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13
Q

What is NOT effective in CIE syndrome?

A

Miotics (pilocarpine), SLT

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14
Q

Juvenile glaucoma - gene

A

GLC1A = TIGR/MYOC (protein myocilin)

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15
Q

3% POAG - gene

A

GLC1A = TIGR/MYOC (protein myocilin)

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16
Q

Primary congenital glaucoma - gene

A

CYP1B1 (GLC3A)

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17
Q

Normal tension glaucoma - gene

A

OPTN, GLC1B

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18
Q

Iridoschisis - definition

A

separation of the anterior iris stroma from the posterior iris stroma

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19
Q

Signs of elevated episcleral venous pressure (EVP)

A

“corkscrew vessels”, blood in Schlemm’s canal, proptosis, wide ocular pulse amplitude->pulsations, orbital bruit

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20
Q

Normal tension glaucoma - sings

A

nerve fiber later hemorrhages (escpecially inferotemporally), peripapillary atrophy, disc notching, disc sloping, larger optic disc size, VF - defects depper and closer to fixation

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21
Q

Essential Iris Atrophy

A

severe progressive iris atrophy causing heterochromia, corectopia, extropion uveae, iris hole formation. glaucoma severe

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22
Q

Chandler syndrome

A

minimal iris changes. corneal and angle chamges predominate

23
Q

Cogan-Reese syndrome

A

less iris atrophy. tan pedunculated nodules or diffuse pigmented lesions on the anterior iris surface glaucoma severe

24
Q

Which population has the highest prevalence of primary angle closure glaucoma

25
Pigment dispersion
mid-peripheral transillumination defects, Sampoelsi line, posterior bowing of the iris, reverse pupillary block, Scheie strip (pigment on capsule and zonules), Zentmayer line (pigment on equatorial lens)
26
Pigment dispersion - treatment
medications, SLT, LPI (controversial), trabeculectomy, tube shunts
27
Ectopia lentis - laser treatment
2 LPI situated 180 degrees apart. definitive -lens extraction
28
What is reversible after treatment of congenital glaucoma
increased axial length, increased cupping, corneal edema
29
What is irreversible after treatment of congenital glaucoma
increased horizontal corneal diameter
30
gonioscopy in PEX
slightly narrow with a (patchy) pigmented deposition anterior to Schwalbe line inferiorly
31
Amsler-Verrey sign
break of fragile vessels causing hyphema during intraocular surgery in Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis
32
primary closure glaucoma - how deep AC predisposes
<2.5mm
33
When greatest risk of rebleeding in AC after trauma
3-7 days after injury
34
Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome
IOP in chronic rRD. presence of photoreceptor outer segments
35
where are PAS from chronic uveitis typically concentrated?
inferior angle
36
where are PAS from primary angle closure typically concentrated?
superior angle
37
PAS in neovascular glaucoma
end at Schwalbe's line
38
PEX gene
LOXL1
39
pigment dispersion - findings, features in treatment
mid peripheral spoke-like iris transillumination defects, concave iris in gonio, SLT like in PEX, higher risk of hypotony with filtering surgery
40
phacolytic
inflammatory, leakage, macrophages in TM, hypermature cataract, corneal edema, cell flare, NO KPs
41
lens particle
cortical material blocks TM, lens absent or post traums,
42
phacoantigenic
sensitized to lens proteins, inflammation + KPs, lens absent or post trauma
43
Glaucomatocyclitis crisis - other name
Posner-Schlossman syndrome
44
Posner-Schlossman syndrome - other name
Glaucomatocyclitis crisis
45
Posner-Schlossman syndrome - features
HSV, CMV?, recurrent low grade inflammation + IOP spikes, steroids do not help
46
Fuchs heterochromic - virus, vessels
rubella. fine vessels do not cross the TM, do not lead to PAS, angle remains open
47
ICE - vessels
cross the TM
48
increased EVP - conditions
AV fistula, orbital varix, Sturge-Weber, retrobulbar tumor, TED, superior vena cava syndrome
49
Hemolytic glaucoma
after VH, Hb laden macrophages block TM, red tingled cells in AC
50
Ghost cell glaucoma
after VH, degenerated RBC block TM, khaki coloured cells in AC
51
pupillary block PAS
extend anteriorly
52
iris plateau PAS
begin at Schwalbe line and extend posteriorly over the TM
53
iris plateau - mechanism
anteriorly positioned ciliary process pushes peripheral iris forward OR more antior junction of the iris dialtor muscle and ciliary epithelium
54
aqueous misdirection - treatment
intense cycloplegia, YAG anterior hyaloid, PPV with anterior hyaloido-zonulectomy

Glaucoma (7 decks)

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