Medications

Question 1

prodrugs

Answer 1

latanoprost and travoprost

Question 2

B2 selective

Answer 2

betaxolol

Question 3

B-blockers mechanism

Answer 3

decrease cAMP,

Question 4

B-blockers side effects

Answer 4

worsening depression and myasthenia, increase serum lipids, masks hypoglycemia

Question 5

alpha-adrenergic mechanism

Answer 5

aqueous suppressant and lowers EVP

Question 6

alpha-adrenergic selective

Answer 6

brimonidine more alpha2 selective than apraclonidine

Question 7

alpha-adrenergic side effects

Answer 7

dry mouth, lethargy, blepharodermatitis, follicular conjunctivitis, MAO contraindicated

Question 8

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - side effects

Answer 8

bitter taste, worsening corneal edema, metabolic acidosis,

Question 9

avoid oral diamox in patients using

Answer 9

thiazide and loop diuretics

Question 10

miotics - mechanism

Answer 10

contracting the longitudinal ciliary muscle, pulls scleral spur, tightens TM, increases outflow

Question 11

miotics - side effects

Answer 11

brow ache, RD, cataract, iris cysts in children, epiphora, increased bleeding during surgery, lacrimal duct stenosis, worsening pupillary block

Question 12

pregnancy - drugs which categories and actions

Answer 12

all category C except brimonidine (B). latanoprost - uterine contractions. dorzolamide - teratogenic.

Question 13

breastfeeding - which contraindicated

Answer 13

brimonidine (CNS depression)

Question 14

not reversible side effect of latanoprost

Answer 14

increase in iris pigmentation

Question 15

medications that may induce angle closure

Answer 15

adrenergic (sympathomimetic) or anticholinergic (parasympatholytic): allergic and cold remedies, antidepressants, urological medications

Question 16

Collaborative normal-tension glaucoma study

Answer 16

lowering IOP by 30% reduces visual field progression 35-12%

Question 17

Netarsudil - most common side effect

Answer 17

conjunctival hyperemia without irritation

Question 18

Advantage of using combination of timolol and brimonidine (Combigan)

Answer 18

less conjunctival hyperemia

Question 19

Mannitol - dose

Answer 19

1-2 g/kg body weight over 30-45 minutes = 250ml bag of 20% mannitol given over 30 mins

Question 20

Which med is contraindicated in infants <3yo and why

Answer 20

brimonidine –> CNS depression

Question 21

Beta-blockers and serum lipids

Answer 21

increase LDL and decrease HDL

Question 22

Iris darkening - mechanism

Answer 22

Increased number of melanosomes

Question 23

Microspherophakia - what drops and mechanism of treatment

Answer 23

dilating drops; they flattten the lens and pull it back more posteriorly in the capsular bag

Question 24

Nonselective adrenergic agonists - examples and when contraindicated

Answer 24

Epinephrine, dipivefrin. CME, posterior capsule rupture.

Question 25

Nonselective adrenergic agonists - examples and side effects

Answer 25

Epinephrine, dipivefrin. adrenochrome deposits, staining of soft CL, hypertension, tachycardia, headache

Question 26

Beta-blockers which has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity

Answer 26

carteolol (less cardiac effect)

Question 27

What percentage of cliliary epithelial carbonic anhydrase needs to be ingibited to decrease aqueous production sufficiently to reduce IOP

Answer 27

90%

Question 28

Which drug reduces rebleeding rates after traumatic hyphema?

Answer 28

aminocaproic acid

Question 29

Angle closure - Which medications is contraidicated and why

Answer 29

apraclonidine. pupil dilation and iris ischemia

Question 30

Używki - decrease IOP

Answer 30

alcohol, cannabis, heroin

Question 31

Używki - increase IOP

Answer 31

LSD, ketamine

Question 32

alcohol - increase or decrease IOP

Answer 32

decrease

Question 33

cannabis - increase or decrease IOP

Answer 33

decrease

Question 34

heroin - increase or decrease IOP

Answer 34

decrease

Question 35

LSD - increase or decrease IOP

Answer 35

increase

Question 36

ketamine - increase or decrease IOP

Answer 36

increase

Question 37

Best locally tolerated topical IOP-lowering medications

Answer 37

beta-blockers

Question 38

Which drops does NOT come in a BAK-free form

Answer 38

brinzolamide

Question 39

Topiramate angle-closure - treatment

Answer 39

cyclopentolate 1%

Question 40

anhydrase inhibitors - which more irritation, which blurring

Answer 40

irritation - dorzolamide; brinzolamide - blurring

Question 41

latanoprostene bunod 0.024% - mechanism of action

Answer 41

conventional and nonconventional routes

Question 42

Prostaglandines - when contraindicated

Answer 42

when a history of herpetic keratitis (risk of reactivation)

Question 43

"indirect" parasympathomimetic medication

Answer 43

echothiophate iodide

Question 44

Betaxolol - selective which receptor? Good for whom?

Answer 44

beta 2. for asthmatics

Question 45

Goniolenses which can be used for dynamic gonio

Answer 45

Zeiss, Posner, Sussman

Question 46

Goniolenses which cannot be used for dynamic gonio

Answer 46

Goldmann

Question 47

Which drug has the highest incidence of periocular blepharitis/dermatitis

Answer 47

apraclonidine 40%

Question 48

prolong the paralyzing effect of depolarizing medications like succinylcholine

Answer 48

echothiophate iodide

Question 49

methazolamide - when better than acetazolamide

Answer 49

kidney problems (metabolised by liver), produces less acidosis

Question 50

Which general anesthetic does not affect IOP

Answer 50

chloral hydrate. ketamine increases. other lower