Disorders Affecting Development Flashcards by Kent Melendez

What is Difference?

condition or behavior that is unusual, but represent a variation of normal

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Define delay

a state or behavior that is below expectations for the child’s age, sex, or physical condition when measured against norms

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Define disorder

condition or behavior that impairs functional abilities in one or more areas of development

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Define deficit

absence or limitation of a physical attribute, function, or skill

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Define disability

limitation in the ability to perform certain tasks in a typical manner

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Define handicap

degree to which the impaired condition or behavior prevents the person from engaging in life activities

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True or False

The prevalence of children with voice, speech, language or swallowing disorders is highest amongst children 3-6

True

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True or False

African American children have a higher incidence rate of disorders than white children and Hispanic children

True

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Name the genetic disorders that affect development:

Angelman Syndrome

Fragile X Syndrome

Prader-Willi

Trisomy 21 (Down) Syndrome

Turner’s Syndrome

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Name the neurological disorders that affect development

Cerebral Palsy

Febrile seizures

head trauma

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What are the physiological features to Angelman Syndrome?

small head size

flatness in back of head

crossing of eyes

tongue thrusting

seizures

*chromosme 15 damaged or missing (from mother)

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What are the developmental delays shown in children with Angelman syndrome?

intellectual disability

lack or minimal speech

difficulties walking, balancing problem

happy, excited personality

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This is syndrome happens on the X chromosome. The extra genes intefere with regulation, turning off the gene and stopping necessary proteins from being synthesized

Fragile X Syndrome

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What are the physiological features for children with Fragile X Syndrome?

large head

long, narrow face

large ears

overly flexible joints

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What are signs for Fragile X Syndrome?

learning problems, intellectual disabilities

behavioral problems

problems paying attention

speech problems

sensitivity to light, sound, touch

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Syndrome where either inherit both copies of #15 chromosome from the mother or inheriting a deletion of a region of #15 from father

Prader Willi Syndrome

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What are the symptoms of Prader-Willi Syndrome?

hypotonia - low muscle tone

narrow face

small-appearing mouth

almond-shaped eyes

hypopigmentation

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What are some overt signs of Prader-Willi Syndrome?

feeding problems in infancy

motor planning problems

behavioral problems

sleep disturbances

compulsive eating

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True or False

1 in 700 babies in the U.S. or 6,000 babies born with Down Syndrome each year

True

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Name the three types of Down Syndrome

Trisomy 21

Mosaicism

Translocation

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What are some of the features of Down Syndrome?

mild to moderately low IQ

small stature

flattened bridge of nose

upward slant of eyes

Palmar crease

flat head

True or False

A child with Down Syndrome will show their first word between age 1 -4 years

True

What are some of the benefits of Early Intervention in terms of Speech Therapy for a child with Down Syndrome?

assist with the development of:

oral motor movements, imitation, speech sounds, auditory comprehension, communication, feeding, turn-taking, and cognition (object permanence, cause and effect)

The syndrome where females are born with 1 complete/partial/missing chromosome

Turner Syndrome

What are the features for Turner Syndrome?

short stature lack of sexual development at puberty and webbing at neck

What are the infantile symptoms of Turner Syndrome?

heart and blood vessel abnormalities extra skin folds at the side and back of the neck small and puffy hands and feet

What are the symptoms of school age children with Turner Syndrome?

slow growth smaller in stature compared with peers recurrent ear infections hearing problems eye and vision problems learning difficulties

What is microdeletion?

when a small piece of chromosome is missing

What are the common microdeletion disorders?

22q, 17q, 1q, Angelman Syndrome, Cri-du-Chat Syndrome, and Prader-Willi

15q deletion has been linked to:

ASD, learning delays, epilepsy, and dysmorphic features

17q has been linked to:

developmental delay speech delays microcephaly short stature heart defects short limbs

Genetic deletions can be identified by:

CGH (Comparative Genomic Hybridization) and FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)

True or False When a seizure occurs there is too much or too little of exciting or stopping activity causing an imbalance

True

True or False: Having at least 2 unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart is Epilepsy

True

True or False Epilepsy is not rare

True

True or False Studies have shown that 30% of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder has some type of seizure disorder

True

True or False Of all of the substances of abuse, alcohol produces by far the most serious neurobehavioral effects on the infant

True

PFAS meets ___ criteria

2/3

ARND or Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder affects:

only the brain or central nervous system

What are some of the difficulties of chilren with FASD?

difficulty receiving and processing information storing information attention and memory hyperactivity and impulsivity poor social skills inability to complete tasks disregard for rules

What are some successful learning strategies for children with FASD?

use concrete, hands-on learning structured routines instructions short and simple specific and consistent instructions repeating tasks again and again

Cerebral Palys is classified by movement disorder; name them

Spasticity -stiff muscles Dyskinesia - uncontrollable movements Ataxia - poor balance and coordination

True or False Spastic Cerebral Palsy is the most common type of CP

True

Spastic diplegia/diparesis mainly affects:

legs (scissoring) difficulty walking due to tight hip and leg muscles

Spastic quadriplegia/quadriparesis affects

affects all four limbs, trunk, and face

Dyskinetic CP is:

having trouble controlling movement of head, arms, feet and legs movement can be slow, writhing or jerky

Ataxic CP is:

problem with balance and coordination unsteady when walking and have a hard time with quick movements that need a lot of control

What are some of the early signs on a baby with CP (younger than 6 mos)

head lags when you pick up while lying on back feels stiff floppy when picked up, legs get stiff and cross or scissor

When a baby is older than 6 mos:

doesn't roll over cannot bring hands together difficulty bringing hands to mouth reaches out with one hand

True or False Febrile seizures are caused by fever

True